Universal-Womens-accesss-to-justice-Publications-Practitioners-Guide-Series-2016-ENG

V
WOMEN’S ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE 301
situation of conflict or impunity. 752 The European Court
has held that remedies where the granting of relief is
purely discretionary need not be exhausted. 753
If the process to obtain or access to the remedy is
unreasonably prolonged. 754
If the victim does not have access to the remedy due
to a lack of legal representation, whether because of the
unavailability of legal aid, threat of reprisals, or
restrictions on access to lawyers in detention. This
doctrine has been developed by the European Court of
752
See, Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 937, paras.
69-77; Isayeva, Vusupova and Bazayeva v. Russia, Applications nos.
57947/00-57948/00-57949/00, Judgment of 24 February 2005, paras.
143-153; A.B. v. the Netherlands, ECtHR, Application No. 37328/97,
Judgment of 29 January 2002, paras. 63-74; Velasquez Rodriguez v.
Honduras, IACtHR, op. cit., fn. 799, para. 68; and, IHRDA v. Republic
of Angola, ACommHPR, op. cit., fn. 395, para. 39, where the swift
execution of the expulsion which did not even allow the applicant to
gather their belonging was enough evidence of the impossibility to
seize and exhaust domestic remedies. See also, ZLHR and IHRD v.
Zimbabwe, ACommHPR, op. cit., fn. 395, para. 56. See also, Article 46
ACHR, and Article 31, IACHR Rules of Procedure.
753
Buckley v. United Kingdom, ECommHR, Application No. 20348/92,
Admissibility decision, 3 March 1994.
754
See, Zundel v. Canada, CCPR, op. cit., fn. 503, para. 6.3; Z.U.B.S.
v. Australia, CERD, Communication No. 6/1995, Views of 25 January
2000, para. 6.4; Vélez Loor v. Panama, IACHR, op. cit., fn. 1304,
para. 36; Velasquez Rodriguez v. Honduras, IACtHR, op. cit., fn. 799,
para. 93; Tanli v. Turkey, ECommHR, Plenary, Application No.
26129/95, Admissibility Decision, 5 March 1996. See also, Articles 2
and 5.2(b) OP-ICCPR; Article 3.1 OP-ICESCR; Article 22.5(b) CAT;
Rule 113(e), CAT Rules of Procedure; Article 14.7(a) ICERD; Rule
91(e), CERD Rules of Procedure; Article 4.1 OP-CEDAW; Article
77.3(b) ICRMW; Article 7(e) OP-CRC-CP; Rule 16, CRC Rules of
Procedure; Article 2(d) OP-CRPD; Article 31.2(d) CED; Article 46
ACHR; Article 31, IACHR Rules of Procedure; and Article 56.5 ACHPR.