Universal-Womens-accesss-to-justice-Publications-Practitioners-Guide-Series-2016-ENG

V
WOMEN’S ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE 41
Sexual harassment in the community, 91 including street
harassment. 92
Sexual harassment 93 in the school context, 94 including
during transport between home and school. 95
Sexual harassment generally (not limited to a particular
place, situation or context). 96
Denial of access to sexual and reproductive health
services and violation of sexual and reproductive
rights. 97
90
UN Declaration on Violence against Women, above note 85, Article
2(b).
91
Ibid, Article 2(b).
92
United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, “Agreed
conclusions on the elimination and prevention of all forms of violence
against women and girls”, UN Doc E/CN.6/2013/11, paragraph 23.
93
Istanbul Convention, above note 76, Article 40: “Parties shall take
the necessary legislative or other measures to ensure that any form of
unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature
with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person, in
particular when creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading,
humiliating or offensive environment, is subject to criminal or other
legal sanction”.
94
UN Declaration on Violence against Women, above note 85, Article
2(b).
95
General Assembly resolution 69/147 on “Intensification of efforts to
eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls”, UN Doc
A/RES/69/147 (2015), paragraph 20(o) of which calls on States to
“[improve] the safety and security of girls at and on the way to and
from school, including by establishing a safe and violence-free
environment, by improving infrastructure such as transportation, by
providing separate and adequate sanitation facilities in all relevant
places and improved lighting, playgrounds and safe environments, and
by adopting national policies to prohibit, prevent and address violence
against children, especially girls, including sexual harassment and
bullying and other forms of violence, through such measures as
conducting violence prevention activities in schools and communities
and establishing and enforcing penalties for violence against girls”.
96
Istanbul Convention, above note 76, Article 40.
97
Human Rights Committee, General Comment No 28, above note 71,
paragraph 11: “To assess compliance with article 7 of the Covenant,
as well as with article 24, which mandates special protection for