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310 PRACTITIONERS GUIDE No. 12<br />

They are an essential element of procedure before international<br />

tribunals, with particular significance for tribunals that<br />

adjudicate on human rights, and are widely recognised as<br />

having binding legal effect. The binding nature of interim<br />

measures has its roots in both procedure and substance: it is<br />

necessary, first, <strong>to</strong> preserve the rights of the parties from<br />

irreparable harm, protecting against any act or omission that<br />

would destroy or remove the subject matter of an application,<br />

would render it pointless, or would otherwise prevent the Court<br />

from considering it under its normal procedure; 789 and second,<br />

<strong>to</strong> permit the Court <strong>to</strong> give practical and effective protection <strong>to</strong><br />

the Convention rights by which the Member States have<br />

undertaken <strong>to</strong> abide. 790<br />

The binding nature of interim measures has been recognised by<br />

the International Court of Justice, 791 the European Court of<br />

Human Rights, 792 the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 793<br />

v. Azerbaijan, CAT, op. cit, fn. 339, para. 10.2; Tebourski v. France,<br />

CAT, op. cit., fn. 353, paras. 8.2-9; Singh Sogi v. Canada, CAT, op.<br />

cit., fn. 334, paras. 10.2-10.11; Shamayev and Others v. Georgia and<br />

Russia, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 434, paras. 470-473; Mamatkulov and<br />

Askarov v. Turkey, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 441, paras. 100-112; Al-<br />

Sadoon and Mufti v. United Kingdom, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 439, paras.<br />

160-161.<br />

789<br />

Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 441, paras.<br />

101- 108; Paladi v. Moldova, ECtHR, Application No 39806/05,<br />

Judgment of 10 March 2009, para. 87; Ben Khemais v. Italy, ECtHR,<br />

op. cit., fn. 361, para. 81.<br />

790<br />

Ibid., para. 125; Aloumi v. France, ECtHR, Application No.<br />

50278/99, Judgment of 17 January 2006, para. 103.<br />

791<br />

LeGrand (Germany v. United States of America), ICJ, op. cit., fn.<br />

837, at p. 503, para. 102.<br />

792<br />

Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 441;<br />

Shamayev and Others v. Georgia and Russia, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 434;<br />

Aloumi v. France, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 1260; Paladi v. Moldova, ECtHR,<br />

op. cit., fn. 1356; Aleksanyan v. Russia, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 769;<br />

Shtukaturov v. Russia, ECtHR, Application No.44009/05, Judgment of<br />

27 March 2008; Ben Khemais v. Italy, ECtHR, op. cit., fn. 361,

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