UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Roman theatre, with marble seats and columns (partly restored) c) The corridor around the Roman theatre plate 7.1 Dikka, Alexandria Polish excavations at Kam el- plate 7.2 Head of a statue of Vespasian 223
plate 7.3 Statuette of a black gladiator, plate 7.4 Statuette of a black warrior holdstanding, wearing a tunic, cuirass and helmet, tng a double axe and armed with a shield and dagger plate 7.6 Head of Tetrarch plate 7.5 Earthenware tile: black figure kneeling and blowing a musical instrument áiiP y£g^ 1 224
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GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
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UNESCO International Scientific Com
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Contents List of figures ix List of
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24 West Africa before the seventh c
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List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
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List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
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List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
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Acknowledgements for plates Polish
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Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
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Introduction the documents at their
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Introduction is also wide open to t
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Introduction increasingly threatene
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Introduction used a natural calenda
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Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
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Introduction the very root of the d
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Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
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Introduction know whether a given s
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Introduction arms, the river itself
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Introduction religious purposes or
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Introduction must have been there t
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plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
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plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
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plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
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* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
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I Symposium on the peopling of anci
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Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
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Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
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Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
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Annex to Chapter i None of the part
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Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
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Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
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Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
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Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
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Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
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Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
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FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
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Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
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NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
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Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
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Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
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Pharaonic Egypt There were several
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Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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Page 193 and 194: The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
Page 195 and 196: The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
Page 197 and 198: 4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
Page 199 and 200: , - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
Page 201 and 202: plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
Page 203 and 204: Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
Page 205 and 206: Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
Page 207 and 208: Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
Page 209 and 210: Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
Page 211 and 212: Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
Page 213 and 214: Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
Page 216 and 217: Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
Page 218 and 219: Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
Page 220 and 221: Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
Page 222 and 223: Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
Page 224 and 225: Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
Page 226 and 227: plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
Page 228 and 229: Egypt under Roman domination theref
Page 230 and 231: Egypt under Roman domination had a
Page 232 and 233: Egypt under Roman domination Antino
Page 234 and 235: Egypt under Roman domination victor
Page 236 and 237: Egypt under Roman domination In thi
Page 238 and 239: Egypt under Roman domination well v
Page 240 and 241: Egypt under Roman domination instal
Page 244 and 245: PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
Page 246 and 247: Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
Page 248 and 249: Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
Page 250 and 251: The importance of Nubia: a link bet
Page 264 and 265: Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
Page 266 and 267: Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
Page 268 and 269: Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
Page 270 and 271: Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
Page 272 and 273: Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
Page 274 and 275: Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
Page 276 and 277: FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Page 280 and 281: Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
Page 282 and 283: Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
Page 286 and 287: Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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^ .«s S 473
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ms,
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa dis
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bul
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa how
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa at
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa col
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Akj
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa was
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa tha
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Goy
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Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kus
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Index of Persons Abale, 282 Abar, 3
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kah
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Pha
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Index of Ethnonyms Abyssinians, 385
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Tou
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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