UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Meroe Oasis region and to establish themselves on the Nile, reckoning on their serving as a screen for Egypt against the incursions of the Blemmyes. In actual fact, under Theodosius towards 450, Philae was attacked by the Blemmyes and the Nobades; they were driven back eventually by forces commanded by Maximinus, and then by the prefect Florus. After the advent of Christianity they were permitted to continue to visit the sanctuary of Isis at Philae and for certain major feasts were allowed to borrow the statue of the goddess. Qasr Ibrim may have been one of the staging posts for this pilgrimage, for what seems to have been a statuette of Isis in painted earthenware was found there. It was only under Justinian, between +535 and +537, that his general, Narses, closed the temple of Philae and expelled the last priests. The same period saw the undertaking of the evangelization of Nubia. If we are to believe John of Ephesus, the Melkite Orthodox envoys of the emperor were outdistanced by the Monophysite missionary Julian, backed by the empress Theodora, and he succeeded, in +543, in converting the king of the Nobades. In a corrupt Greek inscription, unfortunately undated, in the temple of Kalabsha, the Nobatian king Silko boasts of having, by God's help, conquered the Blemmyes, who thus vanish from history. 295
plate i o. ib Detail of head of statue plate io.ia Ethiopian black granite statue of King Aspelta plate 10.2 Queen Amanishakheto: relief from the pyramid at Meroe mm non» 296
Page 2 and 3:
GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
Page 4 and 5:
UNESCO International Scientific Com
Page 6 and 7:
Contents List of figures ix List of
Page 8 and 9:
24 West Africa before the seventh c
Page 10 and 11:
List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
Page 12 and 13:
List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
Page 14 and 15:
List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
Page 16 and 17:
Acknowledgements for plates Polish
Page 18 and 19:
Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
Page 20 and 21:
Introduction the documents at their
Page 22 and 23:
Introduction is also wide open to t
Page 24 and 25:
Introduction increasingly threatene
Page 26 and 27:
Introduction used a natural calenda
Page 28 and 29:
Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
Page 30 and 31:
Introduction the very root of the d
Page 32 and 33:
Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
Page 34 and 35:
Introduction know whether a given s
Page 36 and 37:
Introduction arms, the river itself
Page 38 and 39:
Introduction religious purposes or
Page 40 and 41:
Introduction must have been there t
Page 43 and 44:
plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
Page 45 and 46:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
Page 47 and 48:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
Page 49 and 50:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
Page 51 and 52:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
Page 53 and 54:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
Page 55 and 56:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
Page 57 and 58:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
Page 59 and 60:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
Page 61 and 62:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
Page 63 and 64:
PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
Page 65 and 66:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
Page 67 and 68:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
Page 69 and 70:
Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
Page 71 and 72:
plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
Page 73 and 74:
plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
Page 75 and 76:
* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
Page 77 and 78:
I Symposium on the peopling of anci
Page 79 and 80:
Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
Page 81 and 82:
Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
Page 83 and 84:
Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
Page 85 and 86:
Annex to Chapter i None of the part
Page 87 and 88:
Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
Page 89 and 90:
Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
Page 91 and 92:
Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
Page 93 and 94:
Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
Page 95 and 96:
Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
Page 97 and 98:
Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
Page 99 and 100:
Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
Page 101 and 102:
FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
Page 103 and 104:
Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
Page 105 and 106:
NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
Page 107 and 108:
Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
Page 109 and 110:
Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
Page 111 and 112:
Pharaonic Egypt There were several
Page 113 and 114:
Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
Page 115 and 116:
Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
Page 117 and 118:
Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
Page 119 and 120:
Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
Page 121 and 122:
Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
Page 123 and 124:
Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
Page 125 and 126:
Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
Page 127 and 128:
plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
Page 129 and 130:
plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
Page 131 and 132:
Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
Page 153 and 154:
plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
Page 155 and 156:
Egypt's relations with the rest of
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
Page 173 and 174:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
Page 175 and 176:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
Page 177 and 178:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
Page 179 and 180:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
Page 181 and 182:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
Page 183 and 184:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
Page 185 and 186:
The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
Page 187 and 188:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
Page 189 and 190:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
Page 191 and 192:
The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
Page 193 and 194:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
Page 195 and 196:
The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
Page 197 and 198:
4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
Page 199 and 200:
, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
Page 201 and 202:
plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
Page 203 and 204:
Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
Page 205 and 206:
Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
Page 207 and 208:
Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
Page 209 and 210:
Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
Page 211 and 212:
Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
Page 213 and 214:
Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
Page 216 and 217:
Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
Page 218 and 219:
Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
Page 220 and 221:
Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
Page 222 and 223:
Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
Page 224 and 225:
Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
Page 226 and 227:
plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
Page 228 and 229:
Egypt under Roman domination theref
Page 230 and 231:
Egypt under Roman domination had a
Page 232 and 233:
Egypt under Roman domination Antino
Page 234 and 235:
Egypt under Roman domination victor
Page 236 and 237:
Egypt under Roman domination In thi
Page 238 and 239:
Egypt under Roman domination well v
Page 240 and 241:
Egypt under Roman domination instal
Page 242 and 243:
a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
Page 244 and 245:
PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
Page 246 and 247:
Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
Page 248 and 249:
Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
Page 250 and 251:
The importance of Nubia: a link bet
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265: Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
Page 266 and 267: Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
Page 268 and 269: Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
Page 270 and 271: Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
Page 272 and 273: Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
Page 274 and 275: Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
Page 276 and 277: FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
Page 278 and 279: Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
Page 280 and 281: Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
Page 282 and 283: Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
Page 286 and 287: Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
Page 288 and 289: Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
Page 292 and 293: Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
Page 294 and 295: plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
Page 296 and 297: plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
Page 298 and 299: FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
Page 300 and 301: The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
Page 316 and 317: plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
Page 318 and 319: The civilization of Napata and Mero
Page 342 and 343: plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
Page 344 and 345: plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
Page 346 and 347: FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
Page 349 and 350: The spreading of Christianity in Nu
Page 360 and 361: x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
Page 362 and 363: Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
Page 364 and 365:
Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
Page 366 and 367:
Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
Page 368 and 369:
Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
Page 370 and 371:
Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
Page 372 and 373:
Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
Page 374 and 375:
Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
Page 376 and 377:
Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
Page 378 and 379:
Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
Page 380 and 381:
Pre-Aksumite culture material found
Page 382 and 383:
plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
Page 384 and 385:
The civilization of Aksum from the
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
The civilization ofAksum from the f
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
Page 402 and 403:
Aksum: political system, economics
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
Page 424 and 425:
Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
Page 426 and 427:
Christian Aksutn But probably the A
Page 428 and 429:
The spread of Christianity Christia
Page 430 and 431:
Christian Aksum denying that Christ
Page 432 and 433:
Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
Page 434 and 435:
Christian Aksum retaliation among t
Page 436 and 437:
Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
Page 438 and 439:
Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
Page 440 and 441:
Christian Aksum In reading this boo
Page 442 and 443:
plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
Page 444 and 445:
The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
Page 446 and 447:
The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
Page 448 and 449:
The proto-Berbers that water was mo
Page 450 and 451:
The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
Page 452 and 453:
The proto-Berbers An inscription on
Page 454 and 455:
The proto-Berbers The origins of th
Page 456 and 457:
The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
Page 458 and 459:
The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
Page 460 and 461:
The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
Page 462 and 463:
The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
Page 464 and 465:
The Carthaginian period The long se
Page 466 and 467:
The Carthaginian period and finally
Page 468 and 469:
The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
Page 470 and 471:
The Carthaginian period family in t
Page 472 and 473:
Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
Page 474 and 475:
The Carthaginian period after the R
Page 476 and 477:
The Carthaginian period to Carthage
Page 478 and 479:
The Carthaginian period geopolitica
Page 480 and 481:
The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
Page 482 and 483:
The Carthaginian period of north-ea
Page 484 and 485:
The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
Page 486 and 487:
The Roman and post-Roman period in
Page 488:
467
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495:
^ .«s S 473
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
Page 530 and 531:
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
Page 536 and 537:
PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
Page 538 and 539:
PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
Page 540 and 541:
0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
Page 543 and 544:
KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
Page 545 and 546:
The Sahara in classical antiquity o
Page 547 and 548:
The Sahara in classical antiquity N
Page 549 and 550:
The Sahara in classical antiquity t
Page 551 and 552:
The Sahara in classical antiquity S
Page 553 and 554:
The Sahara in classical antiquity m
Page 555 and 556:
The Sahara in classical antiquity d
Page 557 and 558:
The Sahara in classical antiquity k
Page 559 and 560:
PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
Page 561 and 562:
21 Introduction to the later prehis
Page 563 and 564:
FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
Page 565 and 566:
Introduction to the later prehistor
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
22 The East African coast and its r
Page 582 and 583:
The East African coast and its role
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
Page 590 and 591:
Page 592 and 593:
Page 594 and 595:
Page 596 and 597:
Page 598:
ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
Page 603 and 604:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
Page 605 and 606:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
Page 607 and 608:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
Page 613 and 614:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
Page 615 and 616:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
Page 617 and 618:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
Page 619 and 620:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
Page 621 and 622:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625:
f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
Page 629 and 630:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
Page 631 and 632:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
Page 633 and 634:
Page 635 and 636:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
Page 637 and 638:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
Page 639 and 640:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa sit
Page 641 and 642:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
Page 643 and 644:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
Page 645 and 646:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
Page 647 and 648:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
Page 649 and 650:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
Page 651 and 652:
Page 653 and 654:
Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
Page 655 and 656:
Page 657 and 658:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
Page 659:
§ e B Aï S1- 626
Page 663 and 664:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
Page 665 and 666:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
Page 667 and 668:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
Page 669 and 670:
Page 671 and 672:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
Page 673 and 674:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Rec
Page 675 and 676:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa sur
Page 677 and 678:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa sig
Page 679 and 680:
Page 681 and 682:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
Page 683 and 684:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
Page 685 and 686:
Page 687 and 688:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ms,
Page 689 and 690:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa cou
Page 691 and 692:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa fig
Page 693 and 694:
Page 696 and 697:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
Page 698 and 699:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa
Page 700 and 701:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
Page 702 and 703:
Page 704 and 705:
Page 706 and 707:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa clo
Page 708:
672
Page 712 and 713:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa dis
Page 714 and 715:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa fro
Page 716 and 717:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa It
Page 718 and 719:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bul
Page 720 and 721:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa in
Page 722 and 723:
Ancient Civilisations of Africa in
Page 725 and 726:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa whe
Page 728 and 729:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Cop
Page 730 and 731:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa occ
Page 732 and 733:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa rec
Page 734 and 735:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa J\C
Page 736 and 737:
Page 738 and 739:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa how
Page 740 and 741:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa and
Page 742 and 743:
Page 744 and 745:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa at
Page 746 and 747:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa sou
Page 748 and 749:
Page 750 and 751:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa col
Page 752 and 753:
a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
Page 754 and 755:
plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
Page 756 and 757:
plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
Page 758 and 759:
The societies of Africa south of th
Page 760 and 761:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Akj
Page 762 and 763:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa was
Page 764 and 765:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa fea
Page 766 and 767:
Page 768 and 769:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa whe
Page 770 and 771:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa dep
Page 772 and 773:
Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
Page 774 and 775:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
Page 776 and 777:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa tha
Page 778 and 779:
Members of the International Scient
Page 780 and 781:
Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
Page 782 and 783:
Bibliography The publishers wish to
Page 784 and 785:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa CC
Page 786 and 787:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa UJ
Page 788 and 789:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Car
Page 790 and 791:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bor
Page 792 and 793:
Page 794 and 795:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Con
Page 796 and 797:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Deg
Page 798 and 799:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Du
Page 800 and 801:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Fé
Page 802 and 803:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Goy
Page 804 and 805:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Heu
Page 806 and 807:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Jen
Page 808 and 809:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Lan
Page 810 and 811:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mac
Page 812 and 813:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mic
Page 814 and 815:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Oli
Page 816 and 817:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Por
Page 818 and 819:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Res
Page 820 and 821:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Sch
Page 822 and 823:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ste
Page 824 and 825:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Vin
Page 826 and 827:
Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
Page 828 and 829:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kus
Page 830 and 831:
Index of Persons Abale, 282 Abar, 3
Page 832 and 833:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Hek
Page 834 and 835:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Str
Page 836 and 837:
Page 838 and 839:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kah
Page 840 and 841:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Pha
Page 842 and 843:
Index of Ethnonyms Abyssinians, 385
Page 844:
Ancient Civilizations of Africa Tou
show all

UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?