UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Pharos island, 190: lighthouse, 19: Phasis, 39 Phazania, see Fezzan Philadelphia, 343 Philae, 287, 292, 331, 406, 469 Phoenicia, 175, 348, 453 Phopo hill, 679 Pnubs (Tabo), 283, 308 Pokomo, 711 Polynesia, 697 Praetonium (mod. Marsa-Matrùh), 201 Primis, see Qasr Ibrim Pselkis, see Dakka Ptolemai's (mod. Tolmeta), 201, 203, 211 Pumbaje, 682 Punt, 93, 100, 144-8, 237, 699 Pylae mountains, 563 Pyralean Islands, 562 Qannbaloh, 707 Qasr Ibrim, 290, 295, 313, 332, 334, 336 Qatna, 176 Quolof, 616 Rambura, 629 Rao, 615 Raphia, 106, 211 Rarenno, 606 Ras Shamra, see Ugarit Ravi, 726 Raydan, 354 Red Sea, 140, 142,148,226, 343, 551: elephant-hunting posts, 558; Persian, 565; trade, 317, 560 Rhacotis, 190 Rhapsa (Gafsa), 517 Rhapta, 562-3, 564-5, 701 Rharb, 436 Rhodesia, see Zimbabwe Rift Valley (Kenya), 534, 575 Rim, 606, 607, 610, 614, 619 Roan Antelope, 688 Rome, 208, 390: Caracalla Theatre, 371; fall, 565; National Museum, 347; Sahara policy, 529-30; wars, 456-9 Rop, 604 Rurembo, 629 Rusguniae (Natifou), 446 Rusicade (Skikda), 446 Rusucurru (Dellys), 446 Rwanda, 582, 628, 636 Saba, 343, 352, 411, 412 Sabea, 356, 357 Sabratha, 203, 446, 451, 526, 549: churches, 507 Sabu'a, Al-, 335 Sadd-al-Ali, 230, 332 Safra, 368, 386, 396-7 Sahara, 513-30, 533, 547-9, 736: climate, 141, 426-7 Sahel, 482, 534, 537, 597, 720 Sai Island, see Sha'at Said (Upper Egypt), 18, 19, 84, 95 St Helena Bay, 648 St Louis, 615 Sais, 126 Sakkara(Saqqara),63,89,9i, 170,173 Sala, 476 Saldanha Bay, 650, 666, 667 Samanud, 194 Samos, 290 Samun Dukiya, 611 Sanam, 283, 314 Sanga, 630, 631-3, 637, 730: copper, 720; salt, 721; shells, 725 Saoura, 425 Saqqara, see Sakkara Sarapion, 562, 563 Sardinia, 444, 457 Sasu, 387, 391, 393 Scilli, 497 Scotts Cave, 645, 647 Sedeinga (Sedinga), 267, 281, 292 Sefar, 599 Segesta, 454 Segu, 614, 615 Selima, 236 Selinus (Selinunte), 444, 454 Semna, 171, 239, 240, 266, 267 Senegal, 525, 545, 597, 606, 719: language, 44, 76; river, 548, 615; tumuli, 723, 725, 731 Senegambia, 606, 613, 615-7: megaliths, 550, 722, 728, 731 Sennar, 60, 228, 292 Serra (Teh-Khet), 271 Sesebi, 267 Setu, 251 Sha'at (Sai Island), 67, 256, 265, 267 Shaba, 636, 720 Sharuhen, 99 Shellal, 230 Shemyk (Dal Cataract), 256 Sicily, 426, 444, 445, 447, 454, 456- 457 Sidon, 442 Sierra Leone, 607, 718 Siga (Rachgoun), 443 Sigus, 435 Silsila, 114, 268 Sima, Old, 706 Simitthu, 489 Sinai, 32, 114, 115, 158 Sindou, 611 Sinoia, 676, 688, 720 Sioma Mission, 676 Siraf, 705 Sirikwa Holes, 591 Sitifis (mod. Sétif), 466, 476 Situmpa, 678 Siwah, iff Ammonium Siwa Socotra, 390, 558 Sofala, 699, 707 Soleb, 101, 144, 146, 267, 308 Somalia, 559, 711 Sonqi Tino, 336 Souk el Gour, 508, 510 Souk-el-Khemis, 486 Sous, 527 Sousse, see Hadrumetum Spain, 442, 450 Sparta, 454 Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, 146, 392 Straits of Gibraltar (Pillars of Heracles), 149, 425, 500 Sudan, 60-1, 105, 141-3, 597: National Museum, 271 Sudds, 226, 238 Sufetula, 439 Sulcis, 443 Sumatra, 699, 703, 707 Sumenu, 126 Susa, see Apollonia Swaziland, 639, 683, 721 Syene, see Aswan Syracuse, 444, 445, 455, 456 Syria, 93, 558 Syro-Palestinian Corridor, 21, 175-7 Syrtis, 437 Ta-Nehasyu, 250 Ta-Seti (Ta-Sti, Ta-Zeti), 230, 233, 235. 249. 299 Taakha-Maryam, 365, 394 Table Bay, 640, 667 Tabo, see Pnubs Tacapae (Gabes), 446 Tacazzé, 348 Taessa (Atakor), 425 Tafa, 334 Tafilet, 521 Taghaza, 721 Taimanga: pottery, 611 Takedda, 719, 720 800
Taketer, 306 Tambazo, 704 Tamit, 336 Tana, 555 Tanis, 105 Tanqasi, 293 Tanzania, 582 Taqqaze river, 385 Tarantum, 456 Taruga, 542, 611 Tassili n'Ajjer, 522, 523, 549, 602 Tauchira (Arsinoe, Tokva), 201 Tchaanadoug, 366 Tebessa (Theveste), 461, 501, 503 Telimorou: pottery, 611 Tell-el-Amarna, 101, 102, 170, 172 Tell Halaf, 347 Ténès, 509 Tererés, 251 Tetuan, 426 Thabraca, 489 Thaenae (Hr. Tina), 200, 446 Thailand, 702 Thapsus, 460, 461 Tharros (Torre di S. Giovanni), 443, 447 Thebes, 37, 95, 97, 102, 126, 156: C-Group, 238; conquest, 144, 208, 282; votaresses, 280 Thelepte, 466, 509 Theveste, see Tebessa Thibar, 477 Thinis, 85 Thuburbo Maius, 477 Thugga, 439 Tiaret, 508, 510 Tibesti, 139, 236, 519, 526 Tichitt, 541, 598, 602, 721, 731 Tiemassas, 597, 606 Tierra del Fuego, 649 Tigre, 343, 348, 385 Tilemsi, 600, 601-2 Timbuktu, 549, 615 Timgad, 468, 503, 509 Timna, 345, 347 Timor, 701 Tin Alkoum, 523 Tingi (mod. Tangiers), 446 Tipasa, 443, 446 Tlemcen, 508 Tokonda, 364, 369 Tolmeta (Ptolemai's), 201 Tondidarou, 523 Tore, 283 Toshka, 250, 265 Toura, 114 Transkei, 663 Transvaal, 639, 688; northern, 682-3 Triacontaschone, 288 Tripolitania, 203, 425, 468, 474, 47s, 499 Tseden Tsedeniya, 410 Tsehuf Emni, 356, 398 Tshamfu, 628 Tshikapa, 630 Tsiribihina, 713 Tsoelike, 648 Tumbus, 265 Tunis, 457: Archaeological Institute, 487 Tunisia, 437, 44s, 461 Tuphium, 32 Tuscany, 487 Tutsi, 629 Twickenham Road, 676, 684 Tyre, 442, 453 Tzaneen, 683 Uan Muhuggiag, 598 Ubangi, 623: pottery, 624-5 Uchi Maius, 477 Udi, 613 Uele, 533, 623, 722 Uganda, 572 Ugarit (mod. Ras Shamra), 104, 176 Ukpa, 606, 607 Umkondo, 689 Upemba, 631 Uronarti, 267 Uruk, 188 Usambara, 555 Ushara, 293 Utica (Utique), 443, 446, 457, 460 Uvinza, 586, 721 Valley of the Kings (Deir el Medina), 118 Vartaia, 508 Victoria Falls, 678, 686: Kalomo pottery, 678 Volta, 605, 718: Upper (Walili), 545 Volubilis, 462, 471, 508 Voueni, 705 Index of Places Wadi al-Malik, 226 Wadi el Natrun, 164 Wadi-es-Sebua, 269, 313 Wadi Gabgada, 273 Wadi Gasus, 145 Wadi Haifa, 252 Wadi Huwar, 226, 429 Wadi Menih, 398 Wadi Tumilat, 67 Wadi Zegag, 527 Wankie, 678, 688 Warsaw: National Museum, 337 Wawat, 142, 250, 251, 255, 256, 270 White Convent (Deir-el-Abyad), 220 White Nile, 141, 587 Windhoek Farm Cave, 645, 647 Yagala, 606, 610 Yam, 94, 142, 149, 251 Yeha, 351, 352, 353, 356, 357: altars, 350; sculptures, 345; temple, 343-5, 402,410,411 Yemen, 329, 381 Yengema, 606, 607 Yenoam, 104 Yoruba, 151, 612, 619 Zafar (Tafar), 412, 413, 414 Zahi, 99 Zaire, 136, 534, 622: lower, 623, 625, 630 Zala Kesedmai, 351 Zama (Sab Biar), 459 Zambia, 547, 622, 675-6, 677-8 Zanzibar, 553, 700 Zawijet-el-Aryan, 92 Zeban Kutur, 358 Zeban Mororo, 355 Zella, 526 Zemeilet Barka, 527 Zeugitana, 474 Zhiso Hill, 682, 690: pottery, 679, 681, 682 Zimbabwe, 639, 662, 679-83, 688-90, 699,723,726: Bambata pottery, 662 Zindjirli, 347 Ziwa mountain, 680,684,690: pottery, 679, 680 Zos, 188 Zouchis, 446 Zuila, 526 Zula Bay, 385 801
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GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
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UNESCO International Scientific Com
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Contents List of figures ix List of
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24 West Africa before the seventh c
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List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
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List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
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List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
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Acknowledgements for plates Polish
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Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
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Introduction the documents at their
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Introduction is also wide open to t
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Introduction increasingly threatene
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Introduction used a natural calenda
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Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
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Introduction the very root of the d
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Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
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Introduction know whether a given s
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Introduction arms, the river itself
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Introduction religious purposes or
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Introduction must have been there t
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plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
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plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
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plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
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* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
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I Symposium on the peopling of anci
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Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
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Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
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Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
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Annex to Chapter i None of the part
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Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
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Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
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Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
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Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
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Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
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Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
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FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
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Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
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NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
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Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
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Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
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Pharaonic Egypt There were several
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Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
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4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
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, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
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plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
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Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
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Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
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Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
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plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
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Egypt under Roman domination theref
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Egypt under Roman domination had a
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Egypt under Roman domination Antino
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Egypt under Roman domination victor
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Egypt under Roman domination In thi
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Egypt under Roman domination well v
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Egypt under Roman domination instal
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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
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PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
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Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
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Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
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The importance of Nubia: a link bet
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Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
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Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
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Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
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Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
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Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
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Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
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FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
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Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
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Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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^ .«s S 473
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sit
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Rec
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sig
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ms,
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cou
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa fig
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa clo
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa dis
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa It
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bul
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilisations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa whe
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Cop
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa occ
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa J\C
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa how
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa and
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa at
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sou
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa col
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Akj
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Page 826 and 827: Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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