UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kahun, 172 Kakimbon, 606 Kalabsha (Talmis), 209, 295 Kalahari, 536, 571, 642, 655 Kalambo, 635: pottery, 629-30, 637 Kalina Point, see Gombe Point Kalundu, 677, 684, 686, 725: pottery, 637. 683 Kamabai, 606, 607, 610 Kamudzulo, 678 Kangonga, 675 Kansanshi, 720 Kapako, 677 Kapwirimbwe, 676, 684: pottery, 637, 675. 683 Karanog, 292, 313 Karkarichinkat; pottery, 601, 602 Karnak, 99: temples, 7, 100, 104, 266, 281,431 Karroo basin, 657, 667 Kartala, 705 Kasai, 628 Kasenyi, 586 Kaskasé, 345, 355, 357 Katongo, 633, 635 Katoto, 630, 633-4,637, 720: pottery, 633 Katsina Ala, 611 Katuruka, 628, 638 Katwe, 586 Kau, 142 Kawa, 283, 284, 308: stela, 281; temples, 267, 290, 314 Kbor Roumia, 437 Kelibia, 507 Kenya, 576, 587, 711 Kerbena Islands, 477 Kerma, 98, 143, 231, 238-9, 258-61: culture (called Kush), 143, 263, 278, 734; pottery, 238 Khababash, 287 Khaliut, 285 Khargah (Khariyah), 139, 236, 429: industry, 67 Khartoum, 231, 425, 540: Antiquities Garden of the Sudan National Museum, 142, 249, 337 Khent Hennefer, 265 Khor Abu Anga (Sai Island), 67, 256, 265, 267 Khor Baraka, 142 Kibiro, 586, 721 Kifra, 526 Kilimanjaro, 586 Killi, 720 Kilwa (Kiloa), 557 Kimoni, 553 Kinshasa, 630 Kintampo, 541, 601, 619, 723: -Ntereso, 605 Kinyps river (Oued Oukirri), 444 Kivu, 582, 628, 636 Kohaito (Koloè), 364, 368-9 Kom Ombo, 598 Komr, see Madagascar Konosso, island, 267 Kordofan, 226, 236, 242, 536 Kouga, 615 Krakatoa, 704 Krosko, 255 Kuar, 519 Kuban; stela, 269 Kumadzulo, 684, 688, 690 Kurgus, 265 Kurru (El-Kurru, El-Kuru), 177,278, 281, 300, 314 Kush, 238-40, 256, 270, 304-18. See also Meroe, Napata Kwale, 555, 679: pottery, 584, 585, 679 Laccadive Islands, 709 La Cheffia, 433 Lake Chad, 236, 603-4, 611 Lake Kisale, 728; Kisalian pottery, 631, 632, 633, 720 Lake Mareotis, 190 Lake Moeris, 113 Lake Nakuru, 575 Lake Rudolf, 575 Lake Tanganyika, 542, 576 Lake Trasimene, 458 Lake Victoria (Nyanze), 581, Kansyore wave, 575, 576 Lambaesis, 468, 475 Lamboara, 704 Lamu, 562 Lantana, 724 Lebanon, 21 Leiden: Museum, 95 Leningrad, 80: Museum, 255 Leopards Kopje, 679, 682, 684 Lepcis (Leptis), 446, 489: -Magna (Lebda), 203, 443, 451, 475, 491, 499, 526; -Minor, 446 Lesotho, 643, 644, 648, 654 Levant, 175-6 Libya, 32, 37, 393, 429, 463 Liman: edict of (313), 408 Limpopo river, 648 Lipari Islands, 426 Livingstone, 677 Lixus, 443, 449 Longkloof, 667 Los Millares, 426 Loudia, 616 Lualaba, 136 Lubusi river, 676 Lumbule Hill, 679 Lusaka, 675, 688 Luxor, 101, 104, 258 Lycopolis, see Asyut Lydenburg, 683 Maafir, 558, 561 Mabveni, 680, 684 Macden Ijafen, 719 Macedonia, 184, 189 Machili, 722 Madagascar 1 (Komr), 536, 693-713: African-Indonesian symbiosis, 697, 698; botanical study of, 697-8; ethnology and musicology, 697-9; first settlements, 699-701; immigrants to, 559, 701-13; linguistic study, 693-5; pottery, 704, 705 Madiliyangwa, 682 Madja, 142 Mafia island, 700 Maghrib, 214, 425, 441, 462-4, 508: African character, 736; influence from, 550 Mahabere Dyogwe, 358 Mai' Mafalu, 357 Maintirano ('Bambala'), 713 Majunga, 699 Maktar, 439 Makuria (Muqurra), 331 Makuru, 684 Malabar, 560 Malapati, 682, 684 Malawi, 679 Malaya, 703 Mali, 606, 719, 723, 725, 729 Malta, 447 Mandau, 682 Mangoro, 702, Maokagani Hill, 682 Marambitsy Bay, 711 Marash, 347 Marib, 345, 347, 349, 415 Maris, 334 Maroantsetra, 702 Maryam-Tsion, 365, 372 Masailand, 590 Masangano, 629 Mashonaland, 681 Masina, 614 Matakoma, 682 798
Matara, 347, 349-53, 356-8, 364, 367-9, 388: treasures, 374, 389 Matlia, 385 Matopo Hills, 682 Mauretania (form. Maurousia), 442, 462, 736; copper, 542, 719; Neolithic, 597; Roman, 471,475-6, 478 Mauretania Caesariensis, 471, 476, 488, 508, 509 Mauretania Sítifensis, 476 Mauretania Tingitana, 468, 471, 476, 508 Maxton Farm, 681, 691 Mayotte, 705 Mazoe valley, 690, 726 Mbuji-Mayi, 630 Mealla, 142 Medinat-Habou, 431 Mediterranean Sea,, 140 Medjerda, 477 Medracen, 436, 441 Megiddo, 100 Megisso, 176 Meidum, 92 Meinarti island, 329 Mekher, 251 Melazo, 345, 350, 397 Melkhoutboom, 645, 647 Memphis, 88, 126, 190, 282, 304; temple, 165 Meniet, 598, 599 Menouthias (Menuthias), 562, 699, 700 Merimde (Merimda Beni Salama), 68, 71. 157 Meroe, 177,197,203-4, 2 92.3°4>314: empire, 144, 285-93, 290-1. 734i fall of, 292-3,326; metallurgy, 286, 638; Neolithic, 231; pottery, 293; religion, 203, 311 Messana (mod. Messina), 457, 688 Messina Straits, 426 Mettera (Madera), 410 Milan, 194, 217 Miletus, 347, 348 Mimosas Island, 630 Mimyar, 411 Mirgissa, see Iken Mittani, 176 Mogador (mod. Essaouira), 443, 449 Moheli, 705 Mojomby, 713 Monkey Gives, 606 Morocco, 438, 463, 498, 719 Motya (Mozia), 443, 444, 455 Moulouya (Mulucca), 442, 462, 471 Mount Cameroon, 449, 548 Mount Maste, 563 Mountains of the Moon, 27, 563 Mouzaiaville, 509 Mozambique, 691, 711, 718 Mozia, see Motya Muden, 683 Muharraqa, see Hiera Sycaminos Mukinanira, 629 Mulongo: pottery, 631, 632 Mulucca, see Moulouya Munich, 290 Muqad Sea, 145 Muqurra (Makuria), 331 Musengezi: pottery, 681 Mussawwarat es-Sufra, 231, 292, 313 315: temples, 287, 311 Musti, 493 Muza (al-Müha), 388, 558, 561, 562 Mwanamaipa, 677 Mwavarambo, 679 Mylae, 457 Myos Hormos, 185», 560 Mzora, 441 Naba Mountains, 242 Naga, 288, 291 Nagran, 386, 393 Najran, 403, 412, 413, 414, 415 Namaqualand, 642, 665 Namibia, 534, 641, 643 Namwala, 677 Napata, 231, 242, 283-5, 734 : fall > 285, 290; inscriptions, 280 Naqa, 231, 314, 319 Naqada, 19 Natal, 639, 643, 683 Naucratis, 211 Ndjole, 625 Ndora, 628 Neapolis (Nabeul), 446 Neirab, 347 Nelson Bay Cave, 643, 649, 654 Nementcha Mountains, 466 Ngorongoro, 578 Ngwapani, 682 Ngwenya, 683 Nicaea: Council of (325), 404, 406 Nicopolis, 212 Niger river, 614-5, 718, 719, 727, 729 Nigeria, 527, 610: Southern, 612-13 Nikon (Toniki), 562, 563 Nile, river, 11-13, 19, 199: basins (hafir), 112, 286, 310, 315; dams, 171, 230; dykes, 85 Nile valley (Nile Corridor), 4, 5-7, 11-13, 60, 84-5: races, 27 Index of Places Nioro, 719, 720 Njoro river, 724 Nkwerre: smiths, 613 Nobadia, 326, 331 Nora (Nurri), 443 Nosy-Be, 705 Nouri, see Nuri Ntereso, 600, 605, 611 Nuba hills, 143, 536 Nubia, 20, 226-43, 733-5: A-group, 245-8; C-group, 251-3; Christian, 326-38; egyptianization of, 270-4, 734; Meroe period, 285-93; Middle Kingdom, 255-8; Napata period, 278-85; New Kingdom, 265-74; pre-Napatan, 245-74; Unesco campaign, 71, 228, 326, 332, 735; X-group, 293-5. See also Kush Nubian Corridor, 226-43 Numidia, 442,458, 736: under Massinissa, 459-60; Roman, 461, 470, 474. 475. 48S. 492 Nuri (Nouri), 177, 281, 284, 286, 300, 314 Nyahokwe, 680 Ocilia, 559 Oea, 526, 549 Oherchell (Iol-Caesarea), 462, 471 Okigwe-Arochuku ridge, 613 Olduvai, 722 Oman, 707 Omdurman, 63, 245 Ophir, 699 Orange river, 648, 664 Orania, 438 Orontes river, 104 Ostia, 488, 528 Otesiphon, 553 Ouani, 705 Pachoras (Pakhoras), see Faras Palermo, 444: Stone, 7,10,92,93,249 Palestine, see Canaan Pangani, 563 Pantellaria, 426 Paratoumbien, 597, 605, 606 Pare, 555, 563, 585 Paris: Musée de l'Homme, 35, 696; Musée du Louvre, 285 Pelusium, 210 Pemba, 553, 562, 700 Per-Ramesse, 103 Persepolis, 286, 348 Persian Gulf, 566, 728 Phalaborwa, 688 799
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GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
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UNESCO International Scientific Com
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Contents List of figures ix List of
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24 West Africa before the seventh c
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List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
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List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
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List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
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Acknowledgements for plates Polish
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Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
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Introduction the documents at their
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Introduction is also wide open to t
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Introduction increasingly threatene
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Introduction used a natural calenda
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Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
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Introduction the very root of the d
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Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
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Introduction know whether a given s
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Introduction arms, the river itself
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Introduction religious purposes or
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Introduction must have been there t
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plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
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plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
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plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
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* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
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I Symposium on the peopling of anci
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Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
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Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
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Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
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Annex to Chapter i None of the part
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Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
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Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
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Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
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Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
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Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
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Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
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FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
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Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
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NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
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Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
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Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
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Pharaonic Egypt There were several
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Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
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4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
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, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
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plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
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Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
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Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
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Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
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plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
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Egypt under Roman domination theref
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Egypt under Roman domination had a
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Egypt under Roman domination Antino
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Egypt under Roman domination victor
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Egypt under Roman domination In thi
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Egypt under Roman domination well v
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Egypt under Roman domination instal
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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
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PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
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Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
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Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
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The importance of Nubia: a link bet
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Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
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Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
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Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
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Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
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Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
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Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
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FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
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Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
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Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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^ .«s S 473
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sit
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Rec
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ms,
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cou
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa fig
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa dis
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bul
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Ancient Civilisations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa occ
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa CC
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa UJ
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Page 826 and 827: Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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Page 842 and 843: Index of Ethnonyms Abyssinians, 385
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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