UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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UNESCO International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA-II Ancient Civilizations of Africa EDITOR G.MOKHTAR HEINEMANN- CALIFORNIA- UNESCO
First published 1981 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7 Place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris and Heinemann Educational Books Ltd 22 Bedford Square, London WCiB 3HH Reprinted in 1992 and 1995 by Heinemann Educational Publishers A Division of Heinemann Publishers (Oxford) Ltd Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8EJ Reprinted in 2000 by UNESCO Publishing 1 rue Miollis, 75732 PARIS Cedex 15, France PMB 5205, Ibadan PO Box 10103, Village Post Office, Gaborone FLORENCE PRAGUE PARIS MADRID ATHENS MELBOURNE JOHANNESBURG AUCKLAND SINGAPORE TOKYO CHICAGO SAO PAULO First published 1981 in the United States of America by the University of California Press 2223 Fulton Street, Berkeley California 94720, United States of America © UNESCO 1981 Heinemann Publishers ISBN o 435 94805 9 (cased) ISBN o 435 94806 7 (paper) UNESCO ISBN 92-3-101-708-X University of California Press ISBN 0-520-03913-0 LCN 78-57321 Filmset in 1 ipt Monophoto Ehrhardt by Northumberland Press Ltd, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear
Page 2 and 3: GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
Page 6 and 7: Contents List of figures ix List of
Page 8 and 9: 24 West Africa before the seventh c
Page 10 and 11: List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
Page 12 and 13: List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
Page 14 and 15: List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
Page 16 and 17: Acknowledgements for plates Polish
Page 18 and 19: Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
Page 20 and 21: Introduction the documents at their
Page 22 and 23: Introduction is also wide open to t
Page 24 and 25: Introduction increasingly threatene
Page 26 and 27: Introduction used a natural calenda
Page 28 and 29: Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
Page 30 and 31: Introduction the very root of the d
Page 32 and 33: Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
Page 34 and 35: Introduction know whether a given s
Page 36 and 37: Introduction arms, the river itself
Page 38 and 39: Introduction religious purposes or
Page 40 and 41: Introduction must have been there t
Page 43 and 44: plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
Page 45 and 46: Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
Page 47 and 48: Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
Page 49 and 50: Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
Page 51 and 52: Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
Page 53 and 54: Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
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plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
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plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
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* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
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I Symposium on the peopling of anci
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Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
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Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
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Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
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Annex to Chapter i None of the part
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Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
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Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
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Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
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Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
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Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
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Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
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FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
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Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
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NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
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Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
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Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
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Pharaonic Egypt There were several
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Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
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4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
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, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
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plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
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Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
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Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
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Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
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plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
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Egypt under Roman domination theref
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Egypt under Roman domination had a
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Egypt under Roman domination Antino
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Egypt under Roman domination victor
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Egypt under Roman domination In thi
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Egypt under Roman domination well v
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Egypt under Roman domination instal
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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
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PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
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Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
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Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
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The importance of Nubia: a link bet
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Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
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Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
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Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
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Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
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Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
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Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
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FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
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Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
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Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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^ .«s S 473
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sit
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ms,
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cou
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa fig
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa clo
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa dis
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa fro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa It
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bul
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilisations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa whe
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Cop
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa occ
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa J\C
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa how
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa and
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa at
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sou
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa col
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Akj
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa was
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa fea
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa whe
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa dep
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa tha
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa CC
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa UJ
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Car
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Con
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Deg
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Du
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Fé
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Goy
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Heu
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Jen
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Lan
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mac
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mic
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Oli
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Por
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Res
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Sch
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ste
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Vin
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Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kus
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Index of Persons Abale, 282 Abar, 3
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Hek
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Str
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kah
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Pha
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Index of Ethnonyms Abyssinians, 385
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Tou
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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