UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Carthage (Lat. Carthago; Phoen. Kart Hadasht), 443, 444, 447, 451-2, 497: destruction, 460, 500; fleet, 447,456; political institutions, 451- 453; population, 452, 482; trade, 447-51, 488, 548; wars, 454-7; wealth, 447-8, 450, 503 Casamance river, 615, 616, 617, 722 Castellucio, 426 Castle Peak, 683 Central African Republic, 718, 722 Cerne (Hern Island; form. Essaouira- Mogador), 449, 516, 518 Ceuta, 426 Ceylon, 393, 705 Chad, 139, 140, 525, 603-4: metallurgy, 527; pottery, 611 Chalcedon, Council of (451 ), 219,220, 221, 409 Chari valley, 612 Chigeou: pottery, 611 China, 565 Chitope, 681, 690 Choa, 410 Chondwe, 675,688: pottery, 637,675, 683 Chorfa, 497 Chundu, 678, 684 Cidamus, see Ghadames Cirta (mod. Constantine), 459, 461, 469, 475, 492: human sacrifice at, 454 Citium, 39 Clysme, 390 Colchoi, 38 Columnata, 423 Comoro Islands, 698, 705, 711 Congo, 546, 573 Constantinople, see Byzantium Copperbelt, 675, 692, 720 Coptos, 126, 185 Coronation Park, 684 Coutzina, 502, 507 Cradock, 642 Crater highlands, 578 Crimisos river, 456 Cussouye plateau, 616 Cyamakuza, 629 Cyenum, 363 Cyprus, 176 Cyrenaica, 200-4, 4 2 4 Cyrene (later Apollonia), 193, 200-3 Cythera, island, 176 D'iamat, 353, 354 Dahomey, see Benin Dahshur, 92, 162 Daima, 545,600,611-12,613: pottery, 604 Dakar, 61, 616 Dakhilah (Dakhleh) oasis, 139, 236 Dakka (Dakkah, Dakke; mod. Pselchis), 203, 209, 250, 287, 309, 313 Dal Cataract (Shemyk), 256 Dambwa, 690: pottery, 637, 677, 678, 683 Dangeil, 314 Dar-es-Salaam, 553, 559 Dar Essafi, 454 Dara, 67 Darfur, 60, 139, 141, 226, 236, 293 De Hangen, 645, 647, 655, 657 Debeira, 273 Debod, 203, 209 Debre-Dämo, 388, 410 Degonm, 369 Deir el Bahari (Dayr al Bahri), 97,144, 147. 349 Deir el Medina (Valley of the Kings), 118 Delta (Lower Egypt), 18, 19, 71, 84, 140 Denderah, 32 Dendur, 209 Der'a, 355 Derr (El Derr), 104, 269 Dibdib, 350, 352, 354 Die Kelders, 643 Diepkloof, 645, 655 Dimbani, 554, 564 Dimmidi (Messad), 468 Dineigi, 599 Djemila, 509 Djerid, 438 Djorf Torba, 435, 523 Dodona, 37 Dongola, 231, 261, 278, 333, 334: cathedral, 336; funeral rites, 735; Old-, 331 Dongour, 365-6, 377 Doornfontein, 722 Dorak, 176 Douar Tazbent, 433 Dougga, 437, 454, 463, 478 Drakensberg mountains, 639, 669 Dufufa, 259-60, 261 Dundo Airfield, 676 Dungal oasis, 599 Dutsen Kongba, 604 Edfu, 124, 142 Egusi Zumma, 525 Egypt. 3. 5-7. 8 4, 732: as African culture, 21-2, 49, 137, 450, 733; dependence on Nile, 11, 20; political unification, 19, 88, 232 Egypt, Lower, 18, 19, 84, 140 Egypt, Pharaonic, 18-20, 84-107: continuity of development, 137, 156; legacy, 155-77; military organization, 122; occupation of Nubia, 250,270-1; political organization, 116,119-22; prehistory, 84- 87, 156; relations with Africa, 136-52; society, economy, culture, 122-31, 156 Egypt, Ptolemaic, 184-204 Egypt, Roman, 208-22: administration, 209-12; middle classes, 211, 213, 214 Egypt, Upper, 18, 19, 84, 95 El-Alamein, 430 El 'Amrah, 28 El Asnam, 509 El-Bersheh, 174 El Kab, 126, 162, 265 El-Kom-el-Ahmar, 249 El Obeid, 292 El Omari, 71 El Ouladji (El Ouladzi), 720, 729 Elands Bay Cave, 649, 650, 655 Elat, 390 Elephantine, 94, 126, 197, 265: stela, 278 Elphas, river, 145 Enda Çerqos, 345, 352, 353, 354 Enda-Mikael, 365, 370, 394 Enda-Simeon (Enda-Semon), 365, 367. 394 Engaruka, 591-2 Ennedi, 236,600: pottery, 610; South, 608 Enneri-Mokto, 523 Ephesus, 408; Council of (442), 409 Equatoria, 173 Eritrea, 343, 362, 395 Erment, 32 Erongo mountains, 652 Erythrea, 381, 388 Es-Soba, 351 Esneh (Anunyt-Seni), 32, 67 Essaouira (-Mogador), island, see Cerne Essina, 563 Etch-Marè, 364, 369 Ethiopia, 226: Christian, 735; intermediate period, 355-9; South Arabian, 343-55, 735; (pre- Aksumite, 341-59). See also Aksum Etruria, 450 796
Index of Places Euhesperides, 201 Fadroun, 523 Farafirah (Farafra), 139, 430 Faras (Pachoras), 313, 326, 331, 334, 336: A-Group graves, 245,247,249; temples, 266-7; wall-paintings, 231 Farasan al-Kabir, 390 Fayyum, 67, 98, 126, 142, 187: portraits, 337 Fertile Crescent, 76, 637 Feti la Choya, 677 Fezzan (Phazania), 139,427, 519, 526: Roman trade, 529, 618; ruled by Garamantes, 490, 517, 522 Fikya, 351, 353, 356 Fish river (Great Fish river), 639, 666 Fort Flatters, 425 Fort Lamy, 612 Frenda: Djedars of, 508, 510 Fustat, 334 Futa Jallon, 540 Gabaza, 390, 414 Gabon, 625 Gadar, 358 Gades, see Cadiz Gammai, 309 Gar Cahal, 426 Garama (Germa, Jerma), 451, 517, 5", 5 2 3> 529 Gebel Adda, 313 Gebel el Ahmar, 67, 114 Gebel Barkal, 281,284,285; pyramids, 177, 301; temples, 268, 269, 308, 314. 3>9 Gebel-el-Arak: knife, 33, 57, 156, 429 Gebel Moya, 231, 284, 310 Gebel Qeili (Jabel Qayli), 291, 306 Gebelein, 255 Gela, 445, 455 Gematen (Gematon), 267, 300 Gemellae, 468 Gerf-Hussein, 269 Germa, iff Garama Gezer, 104 Ghadamès (form. Cidamus), 451,468, 490, 517: trade, 446, 526 Ghana, 619,729,730,731: metallurgy, 545, 611; neolithic, 605, 724; Old-, 550 Ghat, 523, 529 Ghazali, 231 Gheria el-Gherbia, 490 Ghudamis, 139 Gigthis (Bou Ghirarah), 446 Giza (Gizeh), 92, 128, 171 Gobedra, 341 Gobochela, 350-1, 352, 353, 357 Gogiam, 410 Goh (Guerealta), 410 Gokomere Mission, 677, 684, 690: pottery, 680 Golas, see Bu-Njem Goluin, 145 Gombe Point (form. Kalina Point), 630: pottery, 635 Gona Orka, 523 Gonja, 563 Goual-Saim, 368 Goudit, 370 Graaff Reinet, 648 Grat-Beal-Guebri, 345 Great Comoro island, 705 Great Zimbabwe, 680, 691 Greece, 176, 733 Griqualand, East, 644, 648 Guenfan, 507 Guerealta (Goh), 410 Guinea, 723: Neolithic, 605-10 Gulf of Gabes, 445, 460 Gulf of Sidra, 460 Gundu, 725 Gwembe valley, 721 Gwisho, 534, 622 Hadrumetum (mod. Sousse), 443, 446, 453-4» 460, 474. 482 Haghero-Deragoueh, 369 Haidra, 503 Halwan, 67 Hammamet, 67, 114 Hani, 545, 546 Haoulti, 345-6, 356, 357, 358 Hassi Bernous, 527 Hataza, 375 Hatnoub, 114 Hawila-Asseraw, 388, 389, 397 Hâz, 347, 349 Hebron, 726 Heliopolis (northern 'On'), 32, 93, 126, 417 Heluan, 162 Henzat, 369 Heracleopolis, 95, 106 Hermonthis (southern 'On'), 32, 126 Hermopolis, 280 Hiera Sycaminos (Muharraqa), 208, 290 Hierakonpolis, 33, 249, 429 Himera, 445, 455 Himyar, 384, 386, 391, 412: trade, 5 01 . 565 Hippo Acra, see Bizerta Hippo Regius, see Bone Hippone, 474, 500, 501 Hira (Najaf), 412 Hoggar, 608 Horn of Africa, 144 Hou, 28 Hureidha, 351 Iavdas, 502, 507 Ibiza, 450 Icosium (mod. Algiers), 446 Ifriqiya, 486 Igbo Ukwu, 612-13, 619, 719 Iken (mod. Mirgissa), 255 Imerina, 696, 697, 701, 702 India, 185, 703, 705: religious influence, 137, 188, 291; trade, 387, 388. 393. 557. 558 Indian Ocean, 186, 226, 552, 565: monsoons, 556-7; trade, 551-2, 556-61, 681, 708, 726 Indo-China, 702 Inebu, 259 Ingombe Illede, 684 Inyanga, 679, 680, 684 Iol-Caesarea (Oherchell), 462, 471 Iotaba (Thiran), island, 390 Irhtet, 142, 250, 251 Isamu Pati, 684 Ishango, 540, 635 Isna, 124, 126 Israel, 104 Issus, 107 Italy, 483, 484 Ithet-Tawi, 97 Ivory Coast, 718 Ivuna, 586 Jabal, J« Gebel Java, 703, 704 Jebel, iff Gebel Jebel Kekan, 142 Jebel Sheikh Suliman, 249 Jerma, jff Garama Jerusalem, 212, 281, 337, 407, 412 Jos plateau, 604, 727 Juan de Nova island, 711 Judaea, 123 Kadesh, 103, 104, 122 Kafue river, 648, 678, 688 797
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GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
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UNESCO International Scientific Com
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Contents List of figures ix List of
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24 West Africa before the seventh c
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List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
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List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
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List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
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Acknowledgements for plates Polish
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Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
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Introduction the documents at their
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Introduction is also wide open to t
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Introduction increasingly threatene
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Introduction used a natural calenda
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Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
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Introduction the very root of the d
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Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
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Introduction know whether a given s
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Introduction arms, the river itself
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Introduction religious purposes or
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Introduction must have been there t
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plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
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plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
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plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
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* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
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I Symposium on the peopling of anci
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Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
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Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
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Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
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Annex to Chapter i None of the part
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Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
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Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
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Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
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Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
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Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
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Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
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FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
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Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
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NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
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Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
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Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
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Pharaonic Egypt There were several
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Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
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4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
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, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
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plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
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Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
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Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
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Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
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plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
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Egypt under Roman domination theref
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Egypt under Roman domination had a
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Egypt under Roman domination Antino
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Egypt under Roman domination victor
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Egypt under Roman domination In thi
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Egypt under Roman domination well v
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Egypt under Roman domination instal
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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
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PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
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Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
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Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
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The importance of Nubia: a link bet
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Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
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Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
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Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
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Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
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Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
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Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
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FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
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Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
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Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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^ .«s S 473
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sit
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Rec
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilisations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa how
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa tha
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa CC
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Page 826 and 827: Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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