UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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Ancient Civilizations of Africa feh-t-ef feh-t-es feh-tyfy feh-tysy feh-tw-ef feh-tw-es feh-kw(i) feh-n-tw-ef feh-n-tw-es feh-y-ef feh-y-es feh-t-ef feh-t-es feh-ati-fy feh-at-ef feh-at-es mar-tw-ef mar-tw-es fahi-kw feh-an-tw-ef feh-an-tw-es feh-y-ef fey-y-es EGYPTIAN WALAF ^C- n A = mer = love mar = lick 69 mer-ef mer-es mer-n-ef mer-n-es mar-ef mar-es mar-ôn-ef mar-ôn-es mer-w mer-w-ef mer-w-es mer-w-n-f mer-w-n-es mer-in-ef mer-in-es mer-t-ef mer-t-es mer-tw-ef mer-tw-es mer-tyfy mer-t-tysy mer-kwi mer-y-ef mer-y-es mer-n-tw-ef mer-n-tw-es mar-w mar-w-ef mar-w-es mar-w-ôn-ef mar-w-ôn-es mar-il-ef mar-il-es mar-t-ef mar-t-es mar-tw-ef mar-tw-es mar-at-ef mar-at-es mar-aty-sy mar-aty-sy mari-kw mar-y-ef mar-y-es mar-an-tw-ef mar-antw-es mar-tw-ôn-ef mar-tw-ôn-es 69. By extension = love intensely (hence the verb mar-maral) after the fashion of a female animal licking the cub which she has just borne. This sense does not conflict with the other notion which the determinative may convey of a man raising hand to mouth. 46
Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egyptian and Walaf demonstratives There are the following phonetic correspondences between Egyptian and Walaf demonstratives. EGYPTIAN pw (ipw) - -=> bw WALAF —> w ->w = pwy (ipw) -> bwy ->5 —>v/ ->y r p —^B |_n > n B fp—^B In > 1' = pf (¡Pf) bafe ->b = pf3 > bafa P- f- ->f %:\ w = p f y (ipfy) > bafy = P3 > bâ P 3 - -^f ^y ->b 1~ I Dca : îptW = iptn = iptf = iptf batw -> I" batné [ Bátale —> batafé P t- -> t —>w p- t- n - n - P- t - f- ^b -> t ->n -^1 These phonetic correspondences are not ascribable either to elementary affinity or to the general laws of the human mind for they are regular correspondences on outstanding points extending through an entire system, 70. See below for the explanation of this important law. 47
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GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
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UNESCO International Scientific Com
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Contents List of figures ix List of
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24 West Africa before the seventh c
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List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
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List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
Page 14 and 15: List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
Page 16 and 17: Acknowledgements for plates Polish
Page 18 and 19: Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
Page 20 and 21: Introduction the documents at their
Page 22 and 23: Introduction is also wide open to t
Page 24 and 25: Introduction increasingly threatene
Page 26 and 27: Introduction used a natural calenda
Page 28 and 29: Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
Page 30 and 31: Introduction the very root of the d
Page 32 and 33: Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
Page 34 and 35: Introduction know whether a given s
Page 36 and 37: Introduction arms, the river itself
Page 38 and 39: Introduction religious purposes or
Page 40 and 41: Introduction must have been there t
Page 43 and 44: plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
Page 45 and 46: Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
Page 47 and 48: Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
Page 49 and 50: Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
Page 51 and 52: Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
Page 53 and 54: Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Page 57 and 58: Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Page 61 and 62: Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
Page 63: PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Page 71 and 72: plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
Page 73 and 74: plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
Page 75 and 76: * JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
Page 77 and 78: I Symposium on the peopling of anci
Page 79 and 80: Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
Page 81 and 82: Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
Page 83 and 84: Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
Page 85 and 86: Annex to Chapter i None of the part
Page 87 and 88: Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
Page 89 and 90: Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Page 93 and 94: Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
Page 95 and 96: Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
Page 97 and 98: Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
Page 99 and 100: Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
Page 101 and 102: FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
Page 103 and 104: Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
Page 105 and 106: NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
Page 107 and 108: Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
Page 109 and 110: Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
Page 111 and 112: Pharaonic Egypt There were several
Page 113 and 114: Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
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4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
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, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
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plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
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Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
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Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
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Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
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plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
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Egypt under Roman domination theref
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Egypt under Roman domination had a
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Egypt under Roman domination Antino
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Egypt under Roman domination victor
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Egypt under Roman domination In thi
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Egypt under Roman domination well v
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Egypt under Roman domination instal
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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
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PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
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Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
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Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
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The importance of Nubia: a link bet
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Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
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Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
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Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
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Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
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Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
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Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
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FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
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Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
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Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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^ .«s S 473
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa at
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa was
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa tha
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Kus
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Index of Persons Abale, 282 Abar, 3
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Index of Ethnonyms Abyssinians, 385
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Tou
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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