UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Heka-Nefer, 144 Heliodorus: Aethiepica, 381 Henuttskhabit, 303 Hepzefia, 25g Heraclius, 222, 503 Herihor, 105, 274 Herkhuf, see Harkhuf Herodotus: Histories, 6,192,197, 516: on Carthaginian trade, 448, 548; on Egypt, 11, 36-7, 68, 166, 168; on Garamantes, 451; on Libyan races, 43°. 431» 437» 438. on Meroe, 310, 314; on Nasamonians' journey, 549; on Phoenician exploration, 148-9, 547 Herophilus, 194 Hersiotef, see Harsiotef Hesy-Re, 166 Hetep-Heres, 90 Hezekiah, 144 Hiempsal, 461 Hierraux, Jean, 628, 629, 635 " Hilderic, 501 Himilco, 450 Hintze, F., 79, 80 Hippalus, 185, 377 Hippocrates, 165 Hirkhouf, see Harkhuf Hiruth, see Harite Holthoer, R., 69 Hor-aha, 248 Horemheb, 34, 103, 268 Hornell, 697, 706 Houtman, de: Malay-Malagasy dictionary, 693 Huntingford, G. W . B., 590 Huny, 92 Huy (Houy), 267, 273 Ibn Abu Sarh, Emir Abdallah, 333 Ibn Alas, Amr, 195, 417 Ibn Battuta, 711 Ibn el Mudjawir, 708 Ibn Harith, 386 Ibn Hawqal, 332, 362 Ibn Hischa, 362 Ibn Hischam, Abd al-Malik, 362 Ibn Khaldun, 332 Ibn Lakis, 706, 707 Ibn Majid, Ahmad, 708 Ibn Uyayna, Musa K'ah, 334 Idi Usi, 554 Idrisi, al, 555, 7°7 Imhotep (I-em-htp, Imeuthes, Imouthes), 91, 165, 170 Imj-Dwat: Book of He mho is in the Underworld, 91 Ipu-wer (Ipu-ur), 95: Admonitions, 130 Isidor, 213 Isesi, see Issessi Isis, 9, 125, 216: cult widespread, 97, 175, 188-9, 203, 497 Issessi (Isesi), 93, 237 Jamme, A., 352, 353 Jerome, Saint, 408 Johannes Troglita, 502 John, of Ephesus, 295, 329 John Chrysostom, Saint, 416, 417 Johns, B., 398 Jones, A. H. M., 698 Juba I, 461, 462, 469, 528 Juba II, 462, 471 Juba: on place names, 313 Jugurtha, 461 Julianos, 295, 329, 331, 333 Julius Maternus, 490, 517 Junker, H., 72, 260 Justin I, 412, 414 Justinian I, 6, 295, 331, 501, 502 Ka, king, 34 .. « Kait Bey, Mameluke Sultan, 191 Kakosy, 79 Kaleb (Elle Atsbaha, Hellesbaios, Hellesthaios), 410, 413, 414: crypt, 366; inscriptions, 362, 364, 376 Kamose, 143: stelae, 261, 265 Kasekhem, 33, 249 Kashta, 278, 280 Keiran, J. A., 568 Kellium-Ottino, 701, 703 Kent, R. K., 706, 709 Khafre (Chefren, Chephren), 92, 157, 161 Khakhêperre-sonb (Ankhu): Discourses, 130 Khamois, 122 Khéops, see Cheops Khufu, see Cheops Kieth, 29 Kolb, P., 658 Kyriakos, 334 Kyros, Bishop of Faras, 337 Labid, ibn Rabi'ah, 387 Lambert, N., 614 Leakey, L. S. B., 27, 534, 728 Lebeuf, J. P., 611, 612 Leclant, Jean: on African character of Egypt, 62,68; on Meroitic script, 78 Lee, R. B., 658 Leo the Great, Pope, 409 Lepsius, R., 35, 287, 398 Likanos, Saint, 410 Littmann, Enno, 353 Lmm, 353 Longinos, 294, 331, 333 Lucian, 37, 424 Lyouel, 417 Lysippus, 199 Maclver, Randall and Thomson, 28, 29 Ma'dikarib, 386 Madiqen, 303 Mago, 444, 451, 454, 461 Mahri, Suleyman el, 708 Makin, Al-, 332 Maleqereabar, 303 Manetho, 188: Aegyptiaca, 95,194; his dynasties, 6, 7, 10, 85, 733 Mani: Kephalaia, 364, 383 Mankaure (Mycerinus), 92 Maqrizi, 332, 333 Maquet, E., 628 Marcian, 409 Mariano, Luis, 693, 713 Marinus, 517, 552 Marius, 477 Mark Antony, 208, 216, 462 Mas'udi, Al-, 332 Mashtotz, Mesrop, 399 Massinissa, 439, 459-60, 461 Massoulard, Emile, 61: Histoire et Protohistoire d'Egypte, 28 Mauny, R., 548, 550, 617 Maximinus, 295 Meerhof, van, 665 Melecius, 219 Mellis, 711 Menés, see Narmer Menthuhotep I, 34 Menthuhotep II, 97, 255 Menthuhotep III, 143, 255 Merneptah (Mineptah) 104, 274, 430, 432 Merenre, 94, 250 Merkurios, 334 Merneptah (-Siptah, Mineptah), 104 274. 430, 432 Meropius, of Tyre, 403 Metta'e, Abba, 410 Micipsa, 461 Mille, A., 702 Mineptah, see Merneptah Monod, Théodore, 615 Moses, Bishop of Adulis, 393 Mukaukis, 417 Murdock, G. P., 590, 697 792
Mutawallis, 104 Mut-em-Wa, 101 Nadury, R. El, 68 Narmer (Menés), 19, 33, 34, 85 Narses, 295 Nasalsa, 284, 303 Nastasen, 286: campaigns, 305, 311; inscriptions, 287, 299, 303, 308 Natakemani, 290, 291, 304 Nawidemak, 303 Necho II (Neccho), 148,149,448, 547 Nefer-Neferu-Aton, 102 Neferirkare, 93 Nefertari, 121 Nero, 212, 292 Nestorius, 219, 408 Nicholas, of Damascus, 437 Nielson, Vaqn, 61 Nitokris, 121, 282 Nonnosus (Nonnusius), 377, 386 Obenga, Th., 49, 50, 64 Octavian, see Augustus Ogot, B. A.: Zamani, 568 Origen, 219 Osiris, 33, 125, 131, 136: cult widespread, 90, 96, 150, 203, 216 Osorkon, 106 Ottino, Marimari Kellum-, 701, 703 Ouadji, 249 Ousanas I, 374 Pa-nehesi, 274 Pa-Ramesses, 103 Pachomius, 220 Paribeni, R., 366, 367 Paser, 268 Paul, of Thebes, 220 Paulos, bishop, 334 Pedibast, 105 Pelekhs, 303 Penteleon, Abba, 410, 414 Pepi I, 94, 259 Pepi II, 94, 251: expeditions, 149, 236, 259 Pepinakht, 251 Pétrie, Sir W . M . Flinders, 34, 85: on the Egyptian race, 30 Petronius, 208, 290 Peye, see Piankhi Phillipson, D. W., 341 Philo, of Alexandria, 190, 218 Piankhi (Peye), 106,140, 305: inscriptions, 280, 299 Piganiel, A., 486 Pliny: Natural History: on Adulis, 362, 377; on Hanno's voyage, 449; on North Africa, 198,427,435,436; on raid by Balbus, 490, 517, 518; on trade, 386, 559 Poirier, G, 699, 700 Polybius, 447, 449, 516, 549 Pomponius Mela, 436 Portères, R., 603 Posnansky, M., 534, 550 Probus, 2is, 472 Procopus, 294, 413 Psammetik I, 106, 282 Psammetik II, 285, 302 Psammetik III, 107 Pseudo-Arrianus, 389 Pseudo-Calisthenes, 390, 393 Pseudo-Scylax, 449 Ptolemaus (Ptolemy), son of Juba II, 462, 471 Ptolemy I Soter, 190, 191, 553 Ptolemy II Philadelphia, 185, 187, 190, 201, 208, 343 Ptolemy III Euergetes, 192, 201, 343 Ptolemy V, 288, 558 Ptolemy VI, 288 Ptolemy Apion, 201 Ptolemy Philopator, 208 Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus): Geography, 198, 518, 552: on Aksum, 363, 381; on races of Africa Minor, 427; on Romans in Africa, 517 Pyrrhus, 456 Qalhata, 300 Qalidurut, 333 Ramesses, see Ramses Ramilison: History of the Zafimamy, 702 Ramses I, 268 Ramses II, 35, 103-4, 122, 268-9: fortifications, 139, 430 Ramses III, 105, 139, 145, 274, 431 Ramses XI, 105, 274 Rbh, 353 Reisner, G. A., 278, 285, 286, 294 Riebeeck, van, 651, 667 Rostemides, of Tiaret, 510 Rufinus, Tyrannus, 403, 404 Sachs, C, 698 Sahure (Sahouré), 93, 163, 250, 429 Index of Persons Saizana (Atsbaha, Se'azana), 385, 406 Sakhakh, 303 Sanekhei, 33 Sapir, D., 616 Sargon II, 106 Sauneron, S., 49, 50, 64, 67, 68, 74 Säve-Söderbergh, T., 60-1,70, 73,80 Schaenkel, 79 Schure, 176 Scipio Africanus, 458, 459 Scorpio(n), 31, 33, 234, 429 Se'azana, see Saizana Sebekhotep, 76, 242 Sebeknefru (Sobek Neferu), 98, 121 Sekhem-Khet, 92 Semenekh-Ka-Re (Semenkare), 102 Seneferu (Snefrw), see Snefru Senkamanisken, 284, 320 Sennuwy, 259 Senusret, I, 98, 256, 259 Senusret II, 98 Senusret III, 10, 98, 255, 258, 266 Septimius Flacchus, 517 Septimius Severus, 213,219,468,470, 492 Serapis, 188, 198, 203, 216, 496 Sesostris I, 34, 36, 123, 145 Sesostris II, 172 Sesostris III, 15, 162, 240 Sethnakht, 105 Seti I (Sethos), 35, 103, 139, 268, 430 Seyrig, H., 348 Shabaka, 106, 280-1 Shabataka, 281 Shanakdakhete, 288, 303 Sheba, Queen of, 365 Shebitku, 300 Shenout, of Atripa, 220 Shepseskaf, 93 Sherakaror, 291, 304, 306 Sheshonq, 105, 106 Shinnie, P. L., 67, 70, 73, 79 Sibrée, 704 Silius Italicus: Púnica, 430 Silko, 295 Sittius, P., 462, 469 Smendes, 105 Snefru (Seneferu, Snefrw), 92, 172, 249, 250, 25s Sobek Neferu, see Sebeknefru Solomon, 106 Solomon, general, 502 Sostratus, of Cnidus, 191 Strabo: geography of Egypt, 193: on Alexandria, 189; on Cadiz, 450; on Carthage, 452; on Egyptian geometry, 168; on Ethiopians, 435,437; 793
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GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA Ancient C
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UNESCO International Scientific Com
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Contents List of figures ix List of
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24 West Africa before the seventh c
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List of figures 24.4 The Tichitt re
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List of plates 3.6 Tame pelicans 13
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List of plates 15.3 Inscription fro
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Acknowledgements for plates Polish
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Introduction G. MOKHTAR with the co
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Introduction the documents at their
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Introduction is also wide open to t
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Introduction increasingly threatene
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Introduction used a natural calenda
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Introduction eighteenth to twentiet
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Introduction the very root of the d
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Introduction statues of the Pharaoh
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Introduction know whether a given s
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Introduction arms, the river itself
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Introduction religious purposes or
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Introduction must have been there t
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plate intro. i Onslaught on the Nil
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians CHE
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians the
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians It
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Mel
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians reg
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians of
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sch
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians The
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PRESENT kef i kef ek kef et kefef k
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Egy
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians Con
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Origin of the ancient Egyptians sci
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plate 1.5 Libyan prisoner PLATE 1.6
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plate 1. 12 Cheops, Pharaoh of the
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* JÙ&&&L plate i. i 8 Statue of th
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I Symposium on the peopling of anci
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Annex to Chapter i individuals. Van
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Annex to Chapter i collaboration of
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Annex to Chapter i lexicological an
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Annex to Chapter i None of the part
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Annex to Chapter i up to the predyn
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Annex to Chapter i when the Kushite
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Annex to Chapter i would be used wi
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Annex to Chapter i considerably enl
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Annex to Chapter i stakingly resear
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Annex to Chapter i 1972 and again i
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Annex to Chapter i in the overall p
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FIG. 2.1 The Nile from the Third Ca
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Pharaonic Egypt different somatic g
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NEW KINGDOM 4 • *> — ItS ¡SSÍ
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Pharaonic Egypt were filled by coun
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Pharaonic Egypt written in cursive
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Pharaonic Egypt There were several
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Pharaonic Egypt Old Kingdom ended a
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Pharaonic Egypt certain other gods
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Pharaonic Egypt reflect the existen
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Pharaonic Egypt Joppa by General Dj
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Pharaonic Egypt eventually changed
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Pharaonk Egypt another has not yet
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Pharaonic Egypt Persian period 45 I
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plates 2.4-2.9 Treasures of Tutankh
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plate 2.9 Anubis at the entry to th
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Pharaonic Egypt: society, economy a
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w.%W*£ ^¿ 1-" **^% - plate 3.4 Re
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plate 3.9 Discoveries made by the F
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Egypt's relations with the rest of
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plate 4.1 The tribute of Libyan pri
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt R.-EL
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt This
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt manne
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Egypt
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt and r
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt case
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The legacy ofPhar aortic Egypt Two
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt Papyr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt its p
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The legacy of Pharaortic Egypt an i
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt distr
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The legacy of Pharaonic Egypt force
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4 WTT \ .:- plate 5.3 Discoveries m
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, - j plate 5.7 Town planning: layo
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plate 5.13 Ramses II (fluids techni
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Egypt in the hellenistic era they h
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Part o
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era runs:
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era In the
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era the na
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era exist
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Egypt in the hellenistic era Satyru
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Egypt in the hellenistic era worksh
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era of Cyr
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Egypt in the Hellenistic era own ch
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Î?M plate 6.1 Lighthouse at Alexan
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plate 6.7 A fragment of a bronze ba
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Egypt under Roman domination theref
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Egypt under Roman domination had a
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Egypt under Roman domination Antino
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Egypt under Roman domination victor
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Egypt under Roman domination In thi
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Egypt under Roman domination well v
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Egypt under Roman domination instal
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a) Roman baths and hypocaust b) Rom
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PLATE 7.7 Baouit painting plate 7.8
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Mediterranean Sea i i i 500 km CENT
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Egypt FärasBÜheri^Wadi Haifa jebe
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The importance of Nubia: a link bet
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Nubia before Napata (-3100 to -750)
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Nubia before Napata ( to éÉÊÊ^
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Nubia before Napata ( to 750) fig.
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Nubia before Napata ( — JIOO to
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Nubia before Napata ( jioo to 750)
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Nubia before Napata (—3100 to —
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FIG. 9.7 Nubia, 1580 before our era
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Nubia before Napata ( — j/oo to
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Nubia befare Napata ( — jioo to
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Kerma culture Nubia before Napata (
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata ( — 3100 to
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Nubia before Napata (—jioo to —
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plate 9.1 A selection of Kerma pott
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plate 9.8 Kerma pottery plate 9.9 T
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FIG. io. i Meroitk sites
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The empire of Kush: Napata and Mero
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The empire o/Kusft: Napata and Mero
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plate 10.4 Painted blue glassware o
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The civilization of Napata and Mero
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plate i 1.5 Various pieces ofMeroit
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plate i i .7 King Arnekhamani:from
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FIG. 12. i The Nile from the First
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The spreading of Christianity in Nu
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x vWM r* if -* plate 12.2 Sandstone
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Pre-Aksumite culture H. DE CONTENSO
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Pre-Aksumite culture They merely te
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Pre-Aksumite culture façades, whic
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Pre-Aksumite culture and is much mo
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Pre-Aksumite culture to light in so
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Pre-Aksumite culture Gobochela repr
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Pre-Aksumite culture The solar cult
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Pre-Aksumite culture this group con
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Pre-Aksumite culture sanctuaries is
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Pre-Aksumite culture material found
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plate 13.3 Incense altar of Addi Ga
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The civilization of Aksum from the
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The civilization ofAksum from the f
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plate 1 4. i Aerial photograph of A
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Aksum: political system, economics
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Christian Aksum TEKLE TSADIK MEKOUR
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Christian Aksum the Jews and that o
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Christian Aksutn But probably the A
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The spread of Christianity Christia
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Christian Aksum denying that Christ
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Christian Aksum Yeha bear witness t
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Christian Aksum retaliation among t
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Christian Aksum this slaughter, Chr
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Christian Aksum Yet, Ezana boasts o
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Christian Aksum In reading this boo
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plate 16.1 Paintingfrom the church
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The proto-Berbers J. DESANGES The B
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The proto-Berbers peopling of the M
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The proto-Berbers that water was mo
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The proto-Berbers The proto-Berbers
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The proto-Berbers An inscription on
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The proto-Berbers The origins of th
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The proto-Berbers Such tomb furnitu
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The proto-Berbers fresh water, in p
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The proto-Berbers Poseidon, while t
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The Carthaginian period B. H. WARMI
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The Carthaginian period The long se
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The Carthaginian period and finally
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The empire of Carthage The Carthagi
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The Carthaginian period family in t
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Saharan trade The Carthaginian peri
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The Carthaginian period after the R
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The Carthaginian period to Carthage
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The Carthaginian period geopolitica
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The Carthaginian period Syphax's de
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The Carthaginian period of north-ea
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The Carthaginian period kingdoms sa
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The Roman and post-Roman period in
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467
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57 Timgad = Thamugadi 58 Henchir Gu
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plate 19. i Mosaic from Sousse: Vir
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PLATE 19.7 (left) Djemila (ancient
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PLATE 19.12 Haïdra (Tunisia): Byza
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0 The Sahara in classical antiquity
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KEY i Resseremt, near Akjoujt, Maur
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The Sahara in classical antiquity o
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The Sahara in classical antiquity N
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The Sahara in classical antiquity t
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The Sahara in classical antiquity S
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The Sahara in classical antiquity m
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The Sahara in classical antiquity d
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The Sahara in classical antiquity k
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PLATE 20.2 The tomb of 'Queen Tin H
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21 Introduction to the later prehis
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FIG. 21. i Hypotheses concerning th
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Introduction to the later prehistor
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22 The East African coast and its r
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The East African coast and its role
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ai en 3 .Si ¿ .ïï g "S M cn^ Q)
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa of
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa for
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa The
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa as
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa is
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ore
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Nil
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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f^\ < J\ ¿tí \ LJ C-«-3 } r / *
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa cha
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ear
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa pro
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa sit
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa com
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa In
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa bur
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa ind
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Central Africa 5 F. VAN NOTEN with
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa wer
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§ e B Aï S1- 626
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa But
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa mos
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Mor
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Exc
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Rec
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa FIG
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Whi
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Ms,
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa fig
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa APP
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa rem
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa clo
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672
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Bul
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa in
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa whe
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa J\C
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa col
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a 0 2 4 6 8cm 1 I I « 0 1 2 3cm i
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plate 28.1 Stone pot, Vohemar civil
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plate 28.7 Terraced rice fields nea
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The societies of Africa south of th
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa Akj
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Conclusion G. MOKHTAR In this volum
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa the
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Ancient Civilizations of Africa tha
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Members of the International Scient
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Biographies of Authors INTRODUCTION
Page 782 and 783: Bibliography The publishers wish to
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Page 826 and 827: Subject Index Acheulean period, 67
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Page 842 and 843: Index of Ethnonyms Abyssinians, 385
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UNESCO Ancient Civilizations of Africa (Editor G. Mokhtar)

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