ASIA AND OCEANIA ter Mir Sarfaraz Ahmed Bugti's convoy on January 22 in Dera Bugti district, which injured at least three security personnel. Throughout the year, Baloch leaders like Akhtar Mengal of Balochistan National Party (BNP) protested the on-going construction of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for allegedly exploiting the Baloch province and people. CPEC was inaugurated on November 13 and links Gwadar port in Balochistan with Kashgar in China through a network of highways, railways and pipelines. On November 26, two security guards of an oil and gas exploration company linked to CPEC were killed in Gwadar. Both the Baloch National Front (BNF) and the BLA claimed responsibility for the attack. On March 24, security forces reportedly arrested an Indian affiliated with India's intelligence agency in Balochistan who was allegedly linked to the separatist movement, and tensions between Pakistan and India rose [→ Pakistan–India]. Furthermore, after remarks by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 12 and 15 in which he accused Pakistan of human rights abuses in Balochistan and thanked the Baloch people for allegedly supporting him, on August 18 treason charges were brought against three Baloch leaders who had thanked Modi for raising the Balochistan issue. The government reportedly considered ending the ''Pur-aman Balochistan” program implemented in 2015, which aims to reintegrate Baloch militants into the Pakistani society, following the separatist movement's reaction to Modi's remarks. However, at least 280 militants reportedly surrendered their weapons throughout the year. eko PAKISTAN (ISLAMIST MILITANT GROUPS) Intensity: 5 | Change: | Start: 2001 Conflict parties: Conflict items: TTP, LeJ, AQIS vs. government system/ideology, national power The war over national power and the orientation of the political system between various Islamist groups, most prominently the Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP), its splinter group Jamaat-ul- Ahrar (JuA), Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), al-Qaeda on the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), and affiliates of the so-called Islamic State (IS), on the one hand, and the government, supported by the USA, on the other, continued unabatedly for the tenth consecutive year. In total, at least 879 people were killed and at least 696 injured. On February 10, the Intelligence Bureau warned about IS gaining influence among members of other militant groups, demanding better control mechanisms along the Afghan border [→ Afghanistan –Pakistan]. On June 20, National Adviser to Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz called Afghan refugee camps safe havens for terrorists. Consequently, nine days later, Pakistan turned down UNHCR's request to extend the stay of the almost 1.6 million Afghan refugees in Pakistan by another three years. The counter-terrorism campaign ''Zarb-e-Azb” launched in 2014 continued in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), entering its last phase in February. Until mid-March, airstrikes were conducted almost on a weekly basis, killing a total of at least 118 alleged militants. By April 19, the operation was preliminarily completed with only combat and search operations continuing in FATA as well as the provinces Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Sindh, and Punjab. Airstrikes resumed in August until October and again from November onwards in Khyber Agency, FATA, killing 36 militants and destroying at least 18 hideouts. US-operated drone strikes killed 32 militants in both Pakistan and Afghanistan with the last strike on Pakistani territory in May in Balochistan province intensifying inter-state tensions [→ USA – Pakistan]. In at least 39 cases, militants attacked police forces and army personnel with IEDs or bombs and at least another eleven employed suicide vests. At least seven cross-border firings from Afghan territory targeted Pakistani security forces in FATA, however, only one attack on September 23 was explicitly claimed by a militant group, namely JuA. Throughout the year, attacks on polio vaccination teams continued. Seven workers and seven guards were shot dead in six attacks. Educational institutions were targeted at least five times. For example, on November 25, JuA destroyed a governmental primary school in Mohmand Agency, FATA, with an explosion. In FATA,atotal of over 320 people died, of whom at least 154 were militants killed in airstrikes. For example, in January three airstrikes in North Waziristan Agency (NWA) and Khyber Agency killed 64 militants and also destroyed five hideouts and explosive-laden vehicles. On the other hand, TTP and JuA militants launched numerous IED attacks throughout the year. On January 19, a TTP suicide bombing near amilitary checkpoint killed twelve people and injured 39 in Kharkano, Khyber Agency. JuA claimed responsibility for three IED attacks in Mohmand Agency on March 1, April 24, and September 4, leaving five security forces dead. In Balochistan, at least 172 people were killed with security forces and civilians accounting for the majority offatalities. However, there were far less attacks directly attributable to militant groups than in other provinces [→ Pakistan (Baloch 156 nationalists / Balochistan)]. On January 13, a TTP suicide bomber killed at least 15 people, among them 14 security personnel, while injuring 25 in the provincial capital Quetta. In the night of October 24, militants killed 61 security forces and injured 164 in an attack onapolice training college near Quetta, using suicide vests and guns. Both aTTP faction and IS claimed responsibility for the attack. In Punjab, at least 23 clashes between militants and security forces caused the majority of the overall 134 deaths. For example, on January 22, police killed three AQIS militants in Layyah district inafire exchange, as well as seven TTP and LeJ militants in Sheikhpura district on February 17. Furthermore, four combat operations by the Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) in April and May left 24 TTP and AQIS militants dead. On November 18, CTD forces killed an alleged IS militant in an encounter in Rawalpindi. In KP, at least 128 people were killed in targeted attacks, bomb blasts, or clashes between security forces and militants. For example, on March 7, a JuA suicide bomber killed at least 17 people and injured 23 others in an attack on a court complex in Charsadda district. Eight days later, a bomb
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