ConflictBarometer_2016

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
February 23, a clash between unspecified rival tribes in Tonj
town, Warrap State, killed two and injured three. In February,
Lou Nuer attacked Murle in a five-day long raid, reportedly
killing many civilians and stealing thousands of heads of cattle.
On March 29, armed Murle fighters reportedly attempted
to raid cattle belonging to Lou Nuer, but the latter repelled
them. Two days later, two passengers and 52 cows were
killed, while scores were injured during an attack on a boat
traveling the Nile River north of Juba.
Heavy clashes between members of the Murle tribe, supported
by some Dinka members, and Ethiopian Nuer occurred
on April 15, when hundreds of armed Murle and Dinka
attacked a number of villages in western Gambela Region,
Ethiopia. In the cattle raid, about 170 Nuer and 50 Murle
were killed, while more than 75 were injured. Moreover,
the attackers looted about 2,000 heads of cattle and abducted
108 Ethiopian children. The Ethiopian government
launched amilitary operation afterwards to return the children
to Ethiopia. In another incident on Ethiopian territory,
on April 21, unspecified South-Sudanese tribes clashed in
the Jewi Refugee Camp in Gambela, leaving 21 people dead
and seven heavily injured. On April 28, violence erupted after
an alleged abduction carried out by Murle in Bor, Jonglei.
While the attackers shot one man dead during the abduction,
two Murle members were killed in the rescue operation
carried out by SPLM/a members and police forces the same
night. Another attack alongside the Juba-Bor road in Mongalla,
Central Equatoria State, by Mundari members killed
three people, while 20 were injured and 3,000 displaced. On
May 18, during clashes over stolen cattle between the Toposa
and Didinga tribes at least 13 people were killed, while seven
more were wounded in Nauru area, Equatoria State. Two days
later, at least 26 people were killed and four injured in renewed
clashes. After aresolution had been signed in May,
government officials seized approx. 200 firearms from the
Gelweng militia, a Dinka force, in Aguok centre in July. The
move was in response to last year's heavy fighting between
the Abuok and Thony sections of the Dinkain Warrap State,
as well as to the latest clashes between the two groups from
January 27 and 28 of this year that had left more than 40
dead.
Between June 24 and 28, in Wau, eponymous state, members
of the Dinka tribe, allegedly supported by SPLM/A soldiers,
attacked Fertit members, killing at least 43 people, looting
houses and leaving up to 120,000 people displaced. The Gak
and Manuer sections of the Dinka tribe clashed on November
9in Pakam, Rumbek North County, Western Lakes State,
leaving 22 people dead and 41 injured. On December 14,
at least 17 were killed, nine more injured and 12,000 heads
of cattle stolen in araid by alleged Murle on Jalle members
in Jalle area, north of Bor, Jonglei. Jalle youths reportedly
killed eleven of the attackers. Mid-December clashes between
Murle and Dinka left 21 dead, shortly after the two
tribes had signed apeace deal to prevent cattle raiding and
the abduction of children on December 4. The attack displaced
hundreds of people and was followed by apetition
of the Jalle community to local administration asking for effective
protection, the recapturing of their cattle as well as
for compensation for the dead. Regardless of the peace deal,
fighting went on throughout December, with an attack on December
24 in Twic North county, Jonglei, leaving over a dozen
88
people dead and several injured.
At the end of December, refugees from Sudan's Blue Nile
region, allegedly supported by Sudan People's Liberation
Army-North (SPLM/A-North), clashed twice with alleged lo-
cal Maban people, reportedlyfighting together with govern-
ment soldiers, in Maban county, Eastern Nile State [→Sudan
(SPLM/A-North / South Kordofan, Blue Nile); Sudan –South-
Sudan]. Fighting had erupted after the killing of arefugee
and left more than 20 people dead. Throughout the year,
several incidents of bus hijackings and attacks on civilians,
particularly targeting Dinka and therefore being attributed to
SPLM/A-IO members by government officials, occurred alongside
the country's major roads. These attacks accumulated in
the months of September and October, leaving approx. 100
civilians dead. lib
SOUTH SUDAN (SPLM/A-IN-OPPOSITION)
Intensity: 5 | Change: | Start: 2013
Conflict parties: SPLM/A-in-Opposition vs. government
Conflict items: system/ideology, national power, resources
The war over national power, the orientation of the political
system, and resources, particularly the control over oil fields,
between the armed opposition faction SPLM/A-in-Opposition
(SPLM/A-IO), on the one hand, and the government, led by
SPLM/A, on the other, continued in its third consecutive year
and intensified over a failed peace deal and warnings of a
possible genocide. While SPLM/A was led by President Salva
Kiir belonging to the Dinka tribe, SPLM/A-IO's leader Riek
Machar was an ethnic Nuer. Ethnic affiliation had led to the
outbreak of conflict in December 2013, when intra-SPLM/A
clashes led to the formation of SPLM/A-IO.
Prior to arenewed escalation in July, both parties continuously
disagreed on the terms ofimplementation of the Agreement
on Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) signed
in August 2015. President Kiir had created 28 states in December
2015, an act SPLM/A-IO leader Machar called a violation
of the peace agreement. The relocation of SPLM/A-IO
forces to the capital Juba, a requirement for the formation of
the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU), was
delayed after the deadline of January 22. On February 11,
Kiir appointed Machar as First Vice President, with Machar returning
to Juba on April 26. Two days later, the government,
SPLM/A-IO, and other political parties formed the TGoNU,
which took actions aimed at resolving the conflict but left the
implementation of ARCSS unresolved. When fighting erupted
in Juba in July, Machar left the capital and was subsequently
replaced as First Vice President by former SPLM/A-IO chief
negotiator Taban Deng Gai, creating two SPLM/A-IO factions.
At the end of November, a UN commission reiterated claims