ConflictBarometer_2016

MEASURES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
2018. UNMIL was based on an ECOWAS mandate, which had
overseen peace and reconciliation efforts between the former
civil war parties. After the arrest offormer President
Charles Taylor in 2006, UNMIL's primary objective was the
restoration of state power, the repatriation of refugees in
Liberia, and the disarmament of armed groups. An estimated
14,541 UN-mandated personnel operated in Liberia in 2004.
Since then, the UNSC has gradually adapted UNMIL's mandate
and decreased the amount of personnel. In 2016, the
UN adopted three resolutions on six meetings with regards
to UNMIL, emphasizing the need to focus on anti-corruption,
economic reconstruction, the prevention of gender-based violence,
and the preparatory work for the 2017 presidential
elections.
United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI), apeacekeeping
mission established on 04/04/04, with its headquarters
located in Abidjan, continued in 2016 [→ Côte d'Ivoire
(militant groups); Côte d'Ivoire (opposition)]. The Mission
employs 3,656 personnel and operates on an annual budget
of USD 153 million. Since its onset, 144 personnel have
died. Originally mandated to ensure the implementation of
the 2003 peace accord, the Mission, acting under Chapter
VII of the UN Charter, is currently tasked to ''protect civilians,
provide good offices, support the Ivorian Government in disarmament,
demobilization and reintegration (DDR) offormer
combatants as well as on security sector reform, and monitor
and promote human rights.” In 2016, the UNSC adopted three
resolutions referring to UNOCI, lifting all sanctions on Côte
d'Ivoire as well as deciding to withdraw all UNOCI's personnel
by mid-2017, thus completing the Mission as aresult of
recent positive developments.
United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UN-
MISS),apeacekeeping mission established on 07/08/11, continued
in 2016 [→ South Sudan (SPLM/A-in-Opposition)]. It
currently employs 15,171 personnel and runs on aUSD 1.08
billion budget annually. Since its onset, the mission resulted
in the death of 47 personnel. Headquartered in the capital
Juba, the Mission's mandate is to restore peace and security
in South Sudan and to help establish conditions for
development. After the 2013 crisis, the UNSC reinforced
the Mission's troop strength in order to better protect civilians,
monitor human rights, and the implement the ceasefire
agreement. In 2016, the UNSC held 24 meetings concerning
South Sudan, adopting eleven resolutions as a response to
the deteriorating humanitarian situation. Following clashes
in mid-June, causing several hundred fatalities and reported
targeted sexual attacks against humanitarian aid workers in
Juba, the UNSC adopted several resolutions calling upon the
South Sudanese government to end hostilities. On December
16, the Mission was extended for another year and mandated
to use ''all necessary means” to protect civilians. The UNSC
did not adopt acomprehensive arms embargo and sanctions
on certain high-ranking South Sudanese government officials,
with seven members being in favor and eight abstaining from
the vote.
United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA), a
peacekeeping mission established on 06/27/11 in order to
de-escalate tensions along the Sudanese-South Sudanese
border and to ensure the repatriation of IDPs continued in
2016 [→ Sudan, South Sudan (Abyei); Sudan –South Sudan].
Headquartered in Abyei Town and employing 4,719 personnel
in total, UNISFA is run on abudget of USD 268 million
annually. Since its onset, 21 personnel have died. In 2016,
the UNSC twice extended UNISFA's mandate for six months
each time.
The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), an AU-led
regional mission established in 01/19/07, continued in 2016
[→ Somalia, Kenya (al-Shabaab)]. The Mission was later approved
by UNSC resolution 1744. Currently, approx 22,000
personnel are employed to serve AMISOM's mandate to build
up and strengthen Somali state authority. Headquartered in
Mogadishu, the scope of tasks changed from peacekeeping to
a robust enforcement mandate in order to fight al-Shabaab.
No official public record offatalities was published so far.
However, it is estimated that approx. 4,000 AMISOM personnel
have died during their deployment since the onset of the
Mission. In 2016, the UNSC discussed the political situation
in Somalia during seven meetings, published four Secretary-
General reports, and adopted five resolutions, regarding the
confinement of piracy, extremist violence and assistance in
the implementation of the 2016 National Electoral Process.
241
760
1246 1245
3470
CIVILIAN PERSONNEL ON
3412
140 151
UNOCI
EUROPE
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UN-
MIK), established on 06/10/99 and based in Pristina, continued
in 2016 [→ Serbia (Kosovo)]. Currently, the Mission employs
364 personnel in total and operates on an annual budget
of USD 36.5 million. Since its onset, the mission resulted
in the death of 55 personnel. UNMIK was established to support
self-government of Kosovo after the 1998-1999 Kosovo
War. In contrast to other missions, UNMIK was authorized to
use ''all legislative and executive powers and administration
of the judiciary” to fulfill its mandate until full independence
is achieved. UNMIK's activities include promoting security,
human rights as well as the monitoring of compliance with
the 2013 Agreement of Principles Governing the Normalization
of Relations between Pristina and Belgrade.
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) continued
in 2016 [→ Cyprus (TRNC /Northern Cyprus)]. It was
established on 03/04/64 in order to ''prevent the recurrence
of fighting, contribute to the maintenance and restoration
oflaw and order, as well as to contribute to return to normal
conditions.” After hostilities in 1974, UNFICYP's mandate
was altered to include monitoring functions of the de-facto
ceasefire and the buffer zone between the lines of the Cyprus
National Guard and of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces.
848
202
1973
961
328
1159
72
234
25