ConflictBarometer_2016

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
clashed. The fighting lasted for two days and killed 43 people
with both sides using heavy weaponry. On November 15,
the UNSC extended the mandate of UNISFA until 05/15/17
in reaction to the ongoing violence in Abyei as well as the
disagreement over the border demarcation between Sudan
and South Sudan. The lack of local administration structures
deteriorated the food situation, forcing many thousands into
Sudan. nbm
SWAZILAND (OPPOSITION)
Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 1998
Conflict parties:
Conflict items:
PODEMO, SNUS, TUCOSWA, SNAT et
al. vs. government
system/ideology, national power
The system and national power conflict between the People's
United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), the Swaziland National
Association of Teachers (SNAT), the Swaziland National
Union of Students (SNUS), the Trade Union Congress of Swaziland
(TUCOSWA) and several other opposition groups on the
one hand, and King Mswati III on the other, continued on a
violent level. Major issues were corruption, the higher education
system, and wage policy.
The king had banned parties and unions in 1973. The 2006
constitution further guaranteed his absolute rights. In the
past years, several demonstrations and clashes between opposition
groups and the police took place. On February 3, 300
SNAT protesters blocked roads, demanding the government
to publish the salary review report on civil servants in the capital
Mbabane, Hhohho district. Police arrested two protesters.
1,500 trade union members staged protests for the same purpose
on February 25, also in Mbabane. The demanded review
report was published the following week.
SNUS members boycotted lectures and allegedly vandalized
the University of Swaziland on February 22. Policemen drove
a Casspir troop transporter into a group of students, heavily
injuring one but taking her to the hospital immediately. On
October 12, police fired at least six shots on 200 demonstrating
students of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology
in Mbabane and injured four.
On August 28, police shot in the air outside the Plantation
Forestry Company in Hhohho to disperse striking farm workers
who demanded a wage increase. On September 9, police
assaulted six farm workers, allegedly while forcing them to
write statements that they had fired the shots in August. len
hand, and the ruling Party of the Revolution (CCM), on the
other, continued. While CUF challenged the national power
of CCM in the semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar, Chadema
did so on the mainland.
The first major issue was the re-run of the general elections
in Zanzibar on March 20 after the Zanzibar Electoral Committee
had nullified the results of the Zanzibar elections on
10/25/15. The second issue was Chadema declaring to challenge
the alleged suppression of democracy by the government
of the new President John Magufuli.
On January 28, CUF called the nullification of the Zanzibar
election results of 2015 unconstitutional and declared to
boycott the re-run of the election. The CUF's presidential candidate
had claimed to have won the elections. On February
2, a district councillor of the CUF was murdered by assassins
using traditional weapons including swords. The opposition
linked the killing to the councillor's local human rights engagement.
On March 4, an IED went off in Kisonge, Zanzibar
Central/South, destroying a CCM office. In the following
eleven days, five CUF offices, meeting places, and private
houses throughout Zanzibar were torched. On March 14, the
house of the Zanzibar police commissioner was attacked with
an IED, after CUF had claimed that CCM would use security
organs to safeguard its interests and intimidate CUF supporters.
CCM was declared the clear winner of the re-election in
Zanzibar on March 20. This declaration was rejected by CUF
on April 4. The opposition party called for passive resistance
against the new government.
On May 22, CUF announced to take legal action against the
Inspector General of Police and the Minister of Home Affairs
at the High Court for atrocities committed by police and other
security organs against CUF supporters during last year's election.
In the beginning of June, Chadema announced rallies
against President Magufuli. On June 7, an anti-government
protest was dispersed by police using tear gas and arresting
several opposition politicians in the largest city Dar es
Salaam. Subsequently, further opposition protests were
banned. On July 28, Chadema called for countrywide demonstrations
against the government on September 1. President
Magufuli responded immediately by threatening to use force
against ''troublemakers”. However, two days later, he ended
his ban on political rallies by the opposition while still holding
on to his prohibition of the September 1 protest, which
was ignored by Chadema. On August 24, four police officers
were shot dead in Dar es Salaam. CCM accused Chadema of
the killings, who denied this and in return accused CCM of
using the case to justify raids against the opposition party.
Chadema cancelled the countrywide demonstrations scheduled
for September 1. jsp
TANZANIA (CHADEMA, CUF – CCM)
Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 1993
Conflict parties:
Conflict items:
CUF, Chadema vs. government
system/ideology, national power
The violent crisis over the political system and national power
between the opposition parties Civic United Front (CUF) and
Party for Democracy and Progress (Chadema), on the one
97
UGANDA (BAGANDA / BUGANDA)
Intensity: 1 | Change: | Start: 1995
Conflict parties:
Conflict items:
Kingdom of Buganda vs. government
autonomy, other
The dispute over autonomy between the Kingdom of Buganda
of the Baganda people and the government continued. As in