NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
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predicted for Alloy 22, <strong>and</strong> validated with experimental data, indicates no significant phase instabilities (LRO <strong>and</strong> TCP<br />
precipitation) at temperatures below 300 C for 10, 000 years. Neither will dry oxidation at these elevated temperatures limit<br />
waste package life. After the peak temperature is reached, the waste package will begin to cool, eventually reaching a point<br />
where deliquescence brine formation may occur. However, corrosion testing of Alloy 22 underneath such films has shown no<br />
evidence of life-limiting localized corrosion.<br />
NTIS<br />
Radioactive Wastes; Surface Temperature; Corrosion Tests; Probability Theory; Radioactive Decay<br />
20040111159 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL, USA<br />
Streamlining Air Quality Models in Alabama<br />
Jones, S. L.; Cooper, C. D.; Keely, D. K.; Jul. 2004; 44 pp.; In English<br />
Report No.(s): PB2004-106419; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy<br />
This report documents a research project sponsored by the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) <strong>and</strong><br />
conducted by the University of Central Florida (UCF) <strong>and</strong> the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) to develop a<br />
user-friendly version of MOBILE6 <strong>and</strong> a Windows carbon monoxide (CO) screening model. Both models were developed for<br />
use in Alabama-specific applications by the Environmental <strong>Technical</strong> Section of ALDOT. The models are intended to improve<br />
analytical processes at ALDOT <strong>and</strong> reduce costs by achieving environmental streamlining goals as encouraged by the Federal<br />
Highway Administration. The program Alabama MOBILE6 (AM6) is a user-friendly, yet powerful Windows interface to the<br />
EPA program MOBILE6.1/6.2. A number of the inputs to this complex model have been pre-programmed, based on guidance<br />
from ALDOT. Input is highly visual <strong>and</strong> easy to accomplish. The Alabama CO screening model (ALCO) utilizes the<br />
Environmental Protection Agency’s emission factor model MOBILE6 <strong>and</strong> dispersion model CAL3QHC. These models are<br />
built into the screening model <strong>and</strong> are invisible to the user.<br />
NTIS<br />
Air Quality; Carbon Monoxide; Environment Models<br />
20040111204 Transport Research Inst., Goeteborg, Sweden<br />
Cost Effective Measures to Reduce CO2 Emissions in the Air Freight Sector<br />
Blinge, Magnus; The Conference Proceedings of the 2003 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference; July<br />
2003; Volume 5; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20040111201; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy<br />
This paper presents cost effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the air freight sector. One door-to-door transport<br />
chain is studied in detail from a Sc<strong>and</strong>inavian city to a city in southern Europe. The transport chain was selected by a group<br />
of representatives from the air freight sector in order to encompass general characteristics within the sector. Three different<br />
ways of shipping air cargo are studied, i.e., by air freighter, as belly freight (in passenger aircrafts) <strong>and</strong> trucking. C02 emissions<br />
are calculated for each part of the transport chain <strong>and</strong> its relative importance towards the total amount CO2 emitted during<br />
the whole transport chain is shown. It is confirmed that the most CO2 emitting part of the transport chain is the actual flight<br />
<strong>and</strong> that it is in the take-off <strong>and</strong> climbing phases that most fuel are burned. It is also known that the technical development<br />
of aircraft implies a reduction in fuel consumption for each new generation of aircraft. Thus, the aircraft manufacturers have<br />
an important role in this development Having confirmed these observations, this paper focuses on other factors that<br />
significantly affects the fuel consumption. Analysed factors are, e.g., optimisation of speed <strong>and</strong> altitude, traffic management,<br />
congestion on <strong>and</strong> around the airfields, tankering, ‘latest acceptance time’ for goods <strong>and</strong> improving the load factor. The<br />
different factors relative contribution to the total emission levels for the transport chain has been estimated.<br />
Author<br />
Cost Effectiveness; Carbon Dioxide; Exhaust Emission; Gas Transport; Fuel Consumption; Estimating<br />
20040111404 <strong>NASA</strong> Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA<br />
An Improved Retrieval of Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide from GOME<br />
Martin, R<strong>and</strong>all V.; Chance, Kelly; Jacob, Daniel J.; Kurosu, Thomas P.; Spurr, Robert J. D.; Bucsela, Eric; Gleason, James<br />
F.; Palmer, Paul I.; Bey, Isabelle; Fiore, Arlene M., et al.; Journal of Geophysical Research; 2002; ISSN 0148-0227; Volume<br />
107, No. D20, pp. 9-1 - 9-21; In English<br />
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-2307; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources<br />
We present a retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment<br />
(GOME) satellite instrument that improves in several ways over previous retrievals, especially in the accounting of Rayleigh<br />
<strong>and</strong> cloud scattering. Slant columns, which are directly fitted without low-pass filtering or spectral smoothing, are corrected<br />
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