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NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

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80<br />

SOCIAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (GENERAL)<br />

Includes general research topics related to sociology; educational programs <strong>and</strong> curricula. For specific topics in these areas see<br />

categories 81 through 85.<br />

20040121098 Idaho Univ., ID, USA<br />

KSC Education Technology Research <strong>and</strong> Development Plan<br />

Odell, Michael R. L.; 2003 Research <strong>Reports</strong>: <strong>NASA</strong>/ASEE Fellowship Program; December 15, 2003, pp. Q-1 - Q-10; In<br />

English; See also 20040121096; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy<br />

Educational technology is facilitating new approaches to teaching <strong>and</strong> learning science, technology, engineering, <strong>and</strong><br />

mathematics (STEM) education. Cognitive research is beginning to inform educators about how students learn providing a<br />

basis for design of more effective learning environments incorporating technology. At the same time, access to computers, the<br />

Internet <strong>and</strong> other technology tools are becoming common features in K-20 classrooms. Encouraged by these developments,<br />

STEM educators are transforming traditional STEM education into active learning environments that hold the promise of<br />

enhancing learning. This document illustrates the use of technology in STEM education today, identifies possible areas of<br />

development, links this development to the <strong>NASA</strong> Strategic Plan, <strong>and</strong> makes recommendations for the Kennedy Space Center<br />

(KSC) Education Office for consideration in the research, development, <strong>and</strong> design of new educational technologies <strong>and</strong><br />

applications.<br />

Author<br />

Educational Resources; Learning; Instructors; Research <strong>and</strong> Development<br />

81<br />

ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT<br />

Includes management planning <strong>and</strong> research.<br />

20040111024 SRI International Corp., Menlo Park, CA, USA<br />

Mixed-Initiative Planning <strong>and</strong> Scheduling for Science Missions<br />

Myers, Karen L.; Wolverton, Michael J.; September 15, 2004; 38 pp.; In English<br />

Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1267; SRI Proj. P11397; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy<br />

The objective of this joint <strong>NASA</strong> Ames/JPL/SRI project was to develop mixed-initiative planning <strong>and</strong> scheduling<br />

technology that would enable more effective <strong>and</strong> efficient planning of science missions. The original intent behind the project<br />

was to have all three organizations work closely on the overall research <strong>and</strong> technology development objectives. Shortly after<br />

the project began, however, the Ames <strong>and</strong> JPL project members made a commitment to develop <strong>and</strong> field an operational<br />

mixed-initiative planning <strong>and</strong> scheduling tool called MAPGEN for the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission<br />

[Ai-Chang et al. 2003]. Because of the tremendous amounts of time <strong>and</strong> effort that went into making that tool a success, the<br />

Ames <strong>and</strong> JPL personnel were mostly unavailable for collaboration on the joint objectives of the original proposal. Until<br />

November of 2002, SRI postponed work on the project in the hope that the Ames <strong>and</strong> JPL personnel would be able to find<br />

time for the planned collaborative research. During discussions between Dr. Karen Myers (the SRI institutional PI) <strong>and</strong> Dr.<br />

John Bresina (the project PI) during November of 2002, it was mutually agreed that SRI should work independently to achieve<br />

some of the research objectives for the project. In particular, Dr. Bresina identified explanation of plans <strong>and</strong> planner behavior<br />

as a critical area for research, based on feedback from demonstrating an initial prototype of MAPGEN to the operational<br />

community. For that reason, our focus from November of 2002 through the end of the project was on designing explanation<br />

methods to address this need.<br />

Derived from text<br />

Space Missions; <strong>NASA</strong> Space Programs; Scheduling; Mission Planning; Mars Exploration; Planning<br />

20040111202 Westminster Univ., London, UK<br />

Industry Consolidation <strong>and</strong> Future Airline Network Structures in Europe<br />

Dennis, Nigel; The Conference Proceedings of the 2003 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference; July 2003;<br />

Volume 5; 15 pp.; In English; See also 20040111201; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy<br />

In the current downturn in dem<strong>and</strong> for air travel, major airlines are revising <strong>and</strong> rationalizing their networks in an attempt<br />

to improve financial performance <strong>and</strong> strengthen their defences against both new entrants <strong>and</strong> traditional rivals. Expansion of<br />

commercial agreements or alliances with other airlines has become a key reaction to the increasingly competitive marketplace.<br />

304

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