NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

objectives for the STS-107 experiments are described, along with the results obtained. Among the highlights of STS-107 were
the weakest flames ever burned either on earth or in space (about 0.5 Watt of heat release), the leanest flames ever burned either
on earth or in space, and the longest-lived flame ever burned in space. While many of the questions left unresolved from the
earlier space flights were answered, some new and as yet unexplained phenomena were found, for example flame balls
migrating in spiral patterns. Nonetheless, flame ball experiments have provided an insight into the interactions of the two most
important phenomena in combusting materials, namely chemical reaction and transport processes, in the unequivocally
simplest possible configuration.
Author
Combustion Physics; Spaceborne Experiments; Premixed Flames
20040120861 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Liquid Phase Deposition of Single-Phase Alpha-Copper-Indium-Diselenide
Hepp, Aloysius F.; Bailey, S.; Cowen, Jonathan; Lucas, L.; Ernst, Frank; Pirouz, P.; [2004]; 12 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 319-20-A1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The success of exploratory missions in outer space often depends on a highly efficient renewable energy supply, as
provided by solar cells. Since future missions will demand large aggregates of solar cells, and space flight is expensive, the
solar cells must furthermore be available at low costs and have a long lifetime and high resistance against structural damage
introduced by irradiation with high energy electrons and protons. The photovoltaic materials that are presently available only
partly fulfill all these requirements. Therefore, we propose to explore a new method for fabricating thin-films for cost-efficient
solar cells with very high specific power,high irradiation resistance and long lifetime based on the alpha-phase of the Cu-In-Se
system ‘alpha-CIS."
Derived from text
Deposition; Fabrication; Liquid Phases; Renewable Energy; Thin Films; Solar Cells
20040120888 Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Central Arizona Project Water for the City of Tuscon: Appraisal Evaluation
Nov. 2003; 74 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2004-107001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
This report addresses the feasibility and estimated costs of reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of Central Arizona Project
(CAP) canal water. The study was sponsored by the Science and Technology Program and Phoenix Area Office of the Bureau
of Reclamation and by the City of Tucson. RO is a water treatment process that cleans and purifies water by using pressure
to push water, but not dissolved salts and many other contaminants, through membranes. The low-salinity RO finished product
water has economic benefits, including reduced corrosion of water fixtures and appliances. RO treatment provides public
health benefits, including serving as an effective barrier for removal of waterborne microorganisms, such as cryptosporidium
and giardia, and producing water that meets all primary and secondary drinking water standards.
NTIS
Water Treatment; Reverse Osmosis
20040120914 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA
Mapping Phase Transformation in the Heat-Affected-Zone of Carbon Manganese Steel Welds Using Spatially Resolved
X-Ray Diffraction
Elmer, J. W.; Wong, J.; Ressler, T.; Palmer, T. A.; Feb. 12, 2002; In English
Report No.(s): DE2004-15005690; UCRL-JC-146627-R1; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
Spatially Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (SRXRD) was used to investigate phase transformations that occur in the heat
affected zone (HAZ) of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds in AISI 1005 carbon-manganese steel. In situ SRXRD experiments
performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) probed the phases present in the HAZ during welding,
and these real-time observations of the HAZ phases were used to construct a map of the phase transformations occurring in
the HAZ. This map identified 5 principal phase regions between the liquid weld pool and the unaffected base metal. Regions
of annealing, recrystallization, partial transformation and complete transformation to(alpha)-Fe, (gamma)-Fe, and(delta)-Fe
phases were identified using SRXRD, and the experimental results were combined with a heat flow model of the weld and
thermodynamic calculations to compare these results with the important phase transformation isotherms. From the resulting
phase transformation map, the kinetics of phase transformations that occur under the highly non-isothermal heating and
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