Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine
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Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

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414 Index<br />

uric acid 323–324<br />

urination 216<br />

urticaria 183, 205–206<br />

US Food <strong>and</strong> Drug Administration<br />

(FDA)<br />

Alzheimer’s disease 222<br />

botulinum therapy 141<br />

keratoconus 99<br />

meninges 263<br />

myopia 101<br />

Parkinson’s disease 276<br />

US National Institutes <strong>of</strong> <strong>Health</strong><br />

(NIH) 141, 365<br />

US Occupational Safety <strong>and</strong> <strong>Health</strong><br />

Administration (OSHA) 30, 37<br />

utricle 11<br />

uveitis 97, 120<br />

uvula 5, 16<br />

V<br />

vaccination (poliomyelitis) 277, 278<br />

vaccinia virus 150<br />

vagus nerve 53, 246<br />

variable pain response 388<br />

variant CJD (vCJD) 248<br />

varicella zoster 103, 269<br />

vascular birthmark 139<br />

vascular dementia 251<br />

vascular headache 373–374<br />

vasculitis 117<br />

velopharyngeal insufficiency 60<br />

velopharyngeal sphincter 60<br />

ventral spinal nerve root 284<br />

venules 127<br />

verbal apraxia 225–226<br />

vernix 125<br />

vertebrae 302–303, 316–317,<br />

326–327, 333<br />

vertebral channel 356–357<br />

vertigo 60–61<br />

barotrauma 11<br />

BPPV 11, 12<br />

cholesteatoma 15<br />

labyrinthitis 31<br />

Ménière’s disease 34<br />

ototoxicity 43<br />

vestibular neruonitis 61, 62<br />

Vesalius, Andreas 218<br />

vesicle 207, 210<br />

vestibular dysfunction 20, 31, 60–62<br />

vestibular neuronitis 61–62<br />

vestibulocochlear nerve 17, 246,<br />

247t<br />

Viagra. See sildenafil<br />

violence 283<br />

viral infection. See specific infections<br />

viral labyrinthitis 31<br />

virus. See specific viruses<br />

visceral motor nerves 246, 247t<br />

vision health 121–122, 122t<br />

vision impairment 122–123, 122t<br />

albinism 135<br />

amblyopia 72–73<br />

ARMD 70–71<br />

braille 75–76<br />

color deficiency 80<br />

corrective lenses 82–84<br />

diplopia 86<br />

entropion 87<br />

exophthalmos 88<br />

eyes 67<br />

intraocular pressure 97<br />

ischemic optic neuropathy 98<br />

keratoconus 99<br />

myopia 101<br />

nystagmus 102<br />

optic nerve hypoplasia 106<br />

refractive errors 111<br />

retinitis pigmentosa 114<br />

scleritis 117<br />

visual acuity 121<br />

Vistaril (hydroxyzine) 206<br />

visual acuity 80, 104, 121<br />

visual cortex 105<br />

visual field 102, 104, 121, 121t<br />

visual health (ophthalmic<br />

examination) 103–104<br />

vitamin A 102<br />

vitamin B 16, 142<br />

vitamin B12 119, 269, 275<br />

vitamin D 128, 315, 343, 345–346<br />

vitamins <strong>and</strong> health 315, 343<br />

vitiligo 127, 176, 207–208<br />

vitrectomy 123–124<br />

vitreous detachment 67, 124<br />

vitreous humor 67, 91, 113,<br />

123–124<br />

vocal cord cyst 62<br />

vocal cord nodule 63<br />

vocal cord paralysis 63<br />

vocal cord polyp 63<br />

vocal cords 63–64<br />

Bogart-Bacall syndrome 13<br />

functions <strong>of</strong> the throat 5<br />

sneeze 54<br />

tremor disorders 288–289<br />

vocal tic 287<br />

voice therapy 13, 63, 64<br />

Volksmann’s contracture 319<br />

vomiting 374<br />

vulva 32<br />

W<br />

Waardenburg’s syndrome 136<br />

warmup 302, 332, 356<br />

wart 180, 209<br />

weak ankles 302<br />

weight <strong>and</strong> pain 389<br />

weight loss <strong>and</strong> weight<br />

management 265<br />

wet (neovascular) ARMD 70<br />

wheal 205–206, 209–210<br />

white matter 216, 283<br />

whitlow 210<br />

WHO (World <strong>Health</strong> Organization)<br />

344<br />

withdrawal reflex 381, 382<br />

women’s health<br />

episcleritis 88<br />

fibromyalgia 321, 322<br />

migraine headache 374<br />

osteoporosis 346<br />

pain <strong>and</strong> pain management 362<br />

Wong-Baker Faces Scale 364, 390<br />

World <strong>Health</strong> Organization (WHO)<br />

344<br />

wound care 141<br />

wrinkles 134–135, 141, 158, 191,<br />

210–211<br />

wrist drop 319<br />

wryneck. See torticollis<br />

X<br />

xanthelasma 124, 211<br />

xanthoma 211<br />

xenograft 199<br />

X-rays 13, 295<br />

Y<br />

YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet)<br />

laser surgery 79<br />

yeast infection 57–58, 152<br />

yoga 332, 375<br />

yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG)<br />

laser surgery 79<br />

zeaxanthin 102<br />

Z-score 311<br />

Z

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