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How to go to your page This eBook c
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ii The Eyes Medical Advisory Review
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iv The Eyes To your health! The inf
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vi The Eyes
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viii Foreword choices that are righ
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x How to Use the section “The Gas
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xii How to Use The Facts On File En
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xiv Preface among the skin cells, h
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xvi The Eyes
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The Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat 3
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The Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat 5
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A acoustic neuroma A noncancerous t
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audiologic assessment 9 quencies of
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B barotrauma Damage to the structur
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oken nose 13 the NOSE generates sig
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cleaning the ear 15 within the cana
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cold sore 17 them, line the fluid-f
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croup 19 throat or lung cancer. A d
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Although epiglottitis can affect pe
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eustachian tube 23 esophageal speec
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G gag reflex A rapid and intense co
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One other style, the body hearing a
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hearing loss 29 ductive hearing los
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L labyrinthitis An INFLAMMATION or
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M mastoiditis An INFECTION in the m
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myringotomy 35 quency of episodes b
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nose 37 Most hearing experts agree
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0 obstructive sleep apnea A disorde
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otoscopy 41 otoplasty Surgery to al
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ototoxicity 43 perforation, deformi
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presbycusis 45 pharyngitis INFLAMMA
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R rhinoplasty Plastic surgery to re
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S salivary glands Structures within
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sinusitis 51 sign language A nonver
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Risk Factors and Preventive Measure
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swallowing disorders 55 LOSS, neuro
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T toothache PAIN in a tooth or in t
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tympanoplasty 59 dots. The infectio
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vestibular neuronitis 61 The nerve
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vocal cords 63 vocal cord nodule A
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THE EYES The eyes conduct the funct
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68 The Eyes produce aqueous humor.
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A age-related macular degeneration
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72 The Eyes EYE CHANGES OF AGING AN
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B black eye Bleeding into the tissu
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76 The Eyes Learning each variation
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78 The Eyes Gradual loss of vision
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80 The Eyes color deficiency A VISI
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82 The Eyes Corneal transplantation
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84 The Eyes cause corneal ABRASIONS
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86 The Eyes See also AGING, VISION
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88 The Eyes enucleation Surgical re
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90 The Eyes from scratchy irritatio
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G 92 glaucoma A serious and progres
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94 The Eyes medication therapy. Sur
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H hordeolum A bacterial INFECTION o
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98 The Eyes complete VISION IMPAIRM
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L-M lens The primary focusing struc
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N nearsightedness See MYOPIA. night
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104 The Eyes health of the EYE and
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106 The Eyes People who smoke cigar
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108 The Eyes • INFECTION, such as
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110 The Eyes Another type of ocular
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112 The Eyes HEALING phase. PRK is
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114 The Eyes • blurred vision •
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116 The Eyes and as a manifestation
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118 The Eyes intensity of the light
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120 The Eyes involve both eyes as t
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122 The Eyes • eyeglasses (polyca
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124 The Eyes eye. Recovery from unc
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The Integumentary System 127 Renewa
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The Integumentary System 129 Deep a
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A acne INFLAMMATION of the SKIN’s
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actinic keratosis 133 and scrubbing
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albinism 135 sity to accumulate fat
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alopecia 137 tions. Common forms of
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B baldness bedsore See ALOPECIA. Se
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ulla 141 causes them to occur, ther
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C callus An accumulation of keratoc
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corns 145 uses a phenol solution to
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D dandruff A common symptom in whic
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dermatitis 149 Symptoms and Diagnos
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Treatment Options and Outlook Antih
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dry skin 153 which lesions can atta
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Prompt medical attention is essenti
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erythrasma 157 viewed under ultravi
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frostbite 159 as the doctor directs
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granuloma telangiectaticum 161 erec
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hair replacement 163 metic procedur
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hyperhidrosis 165 Treatment Options
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jock itch 167 cle, causing INFLAMMA
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Kaposi’s sarcoma 169 ENDOSCOPY ca
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keratosis pilaris 171 bumps on the
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lichen simplex chronicus A SKIN con
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M macule A small SKIN LESION that i
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N-O nails The hardened epidermal la
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onychomycosis 179 areas where cloth
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pediculosis 181 CHARACTERISTICS OF
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photosensitivity 183 Treatment Opti
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pilonidal disease 185 some point. W
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pruritus 187 tions that allow scrat
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Risk Factors and Preventive Measure
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R rash A general term for a broad r
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osacea 193 • CAFFEINE and ALCOHOL
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skin 195 The palms of the hands and
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skin cancer 197 structure or the SE
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skin self-examination 199 • allog
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sun protection 201 The keratinocyte
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T-U tattoos A form of body art in w
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urticaria 205 tinea versicolor is n
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V vesicle A small, blisterlike LESI
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W-X wart A growth, typically rough
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xanthoma 211 • limit sun exposure
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The Nervous System 215 tional divis
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The Nervous System 217 because only
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The Nervous System 219 There is gre
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Alzheimer’s disease 221 final sta
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
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apraxia 225 measures that provide t
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athetosis 227 the ability to walk f
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lood-brain barrier 229 include anti
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ain 231 • basal ganglia, collecti
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ain hemorrhage Significant loss of
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ain tumor 235 apparent for weeks to
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ain tumor 237 nium). Deeper tumors
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cerebral palsy 239 the spastic musc
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chorea 241 is especially effective
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cognitive function and dysfunction
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consciousness 245 there are no outw
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cranial nerves 247 THE CRANIAL NERV
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) 249
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dementia 251 metabolic disruptions
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E electroencephalogram (EEG) A diag
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G-H Guillain-Barré syndrome A rare
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hydrocephaly 257 MATIC BRAIN INJURY
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lumbar puncture 259 FETAL ALCOHOL S
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memory and memory impairment 261 Th
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multiple sclerosis 263 CEREBROSPINA
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myoclonus 265 episodes of symptoms
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N-O narcolepsy A sleep disorder in
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neurofibromatosis 269 after ORGAN T
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neurotransmitter 271 NERVE (as in c
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organic brain syndrome 273 PHY (CT)
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Parkinson’s disease 275 to assess
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poliomyelitis 277 somatic NERVOUS S
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R reflex An involuntary response to
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S seizure disorders Abnormal discha
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spinal cord injury 283 women who ha
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stupor 285 ment except when vigorou
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traumatic brain injury (TBI) 287 To
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unconsciousness 289 medical care. T
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The Musculoskeletal System 293 tors
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The Musculoskeletal System 295 does
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A Achilles tendon A thick, strong b
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aging, musculoskeletal changes that
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ankle injuries 301 THERAPY, most pe
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arthrogryposis 303 maximum function
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athletic injuries 305 ally arise fr
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one 307 PATHIC MANIPULATIVE TREATME
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one cancer 309 smaller scale. Howev
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ursa 311 though may occur in condit
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C calcium and bone health The corre
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carpal tunnel syndrome 315 content
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 3
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crepitus 319 congenital hip DYSPLAS
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fibromyalgia 321 8 to 12 weeks. Rec
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gout 323 to confirm stress fracture
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H hernia A separation or tear in th
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hip fracture in older adults 327
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joint replacement 329 spinal anesth
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knee injuries 331 COMMON KNEE INJUR
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L laminectomy A surgical OPERATION
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M-N Marfan syndrome A genetic disor
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muscular dystrophy 337 For further
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myopathy 339 cate muscle destructio
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O occupational therapy A therapeuti
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osteomyelitis 343 • Type 4 osteog
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osteoporosis 345 crowds out the BON
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osteoporosis 347 prevention efforts
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plantar fasciitis 349 of the knee),
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prosthetic limb 351 as PARKINSON’
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uptured disk 353 Typical symptoms o
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sprains and strains 355 posture. A
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synovitis 357 When diagnosis is ear
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tendonitis 359 temporomandibular di
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PAIN AND PAIN MANAGEMENT PAIN is an
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A acute pain PAIN that arises sudde
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alternative methods for pain relief
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analgesic medications 367 into the
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C-E chronic fatigue syndrome A cons
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complex regional pain syndrome 371
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H headache PAIN perceived as coming
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headache 375 headache improves or g
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headache 377 often effective for re
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maldynia 379 OSTEOARTHRITIS, to be
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nociceptor 381 the dendrites of neu
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psychogenic pain 383 medications, t
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trigger-point injection 385 be pain
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understanding pain 387 first look f
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W-Z weight and pain The influence o
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MEDICAL ADVISORY REVIEW PANEL Kyra
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Medical Advisory Review Panel 393 M
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396 Index alphahydroxyl acid (AHA)
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398 Index pain and pain management
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400 Index corrective lenses 67, 82-
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402 Index health and disorders of 6
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404 Index IBD (inflammatory bowel d
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406 Index skin cancer 196 sunburn 2
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408 Index sneeze 54 nostrils 36 NSA
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410 Index Propecia (finasteride) 13
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412 Index somatic nervous system 21
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414 Index uric acid 323-324 urinati
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ii The Eyes Medical Advisory Review
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iv The Eyes To your health! The inf
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vi The Eyes
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viii Foreword choices that are righ
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x How to Use the section “The Gas
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xii How to Use The Facts On File En
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xiv Preface tinues to evolve at a p
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xvi The Eyes
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4 The Cardiovascular System the bod
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6 The Cardiovascular System mon bir
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8 The Cardiovascular System sis get
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10 The Cardiovascular System and ma
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12 The Cardiovascular System the co
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14 The Cardiovascular System and ex
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16 The Cardiovascular System Many p
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18 The Cardiovascular System they r
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20 The Cardiovascular System icant
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22 The Cardiovascular System nostic
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B blood pressure The force BLOOD ex
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26 The Cardiovascular System travel
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28 The Cardiovascular System See al
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30 The Cardiovascular System quence
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32 The Cardiovascular System condit
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34 The Cardiovascular System slip t
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36 The Cardiovascular System culati
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38 The Cardiovascular System FORMS
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40 The Cardiovascular System Congen
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42 The Cardiovascular System spanni
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44 The Cardiovascular System cardia
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46 The Cardiovascular System See al
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48 The Cardiovascular System rior v
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50 The Cardiovascular System • ea
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52 The Cardiovascular System cal pa
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54 The Cardiovascular System can ca
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H heart The organ that pumps BLOOD
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58 The Cardiovascular System Depend
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60 The Cardiovascular System See al
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62 The Cardiovascular System • PE
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64 The Cardiovascular System As wel
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66 The Cardiovascular System decrea
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68 The Cardiovascular System normal
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70 The Cardiovascular System See al
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L left ventricular ejection fractio
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74 The Cardiovascular System cardio
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M 76 medications to treat cardiovas
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78 The Cardiovascular System COMMON
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80 The Cardiovascular System COMMON
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82 The Cardiovascular System Fibrat
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84 The Cardiovascular System hydral
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86 The Cardiovascular System Type o
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88 The Cardiovascular System have F
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90 The Cardiovascular System system
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92 The Cardiovascular System DISEAS
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94 The Cardiovascular System when t
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96 The Cardiovascular System ENDOCA
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98 The Cardiovascular System prescr
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100 The Cardiovascular System ARRHY
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102 The Cardiovascular System ally
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S sexual activity and cardiovascula
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106 The Cardiovascular System soy a
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108 The Cardiovascular System beyon
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T tachycardia See ARRHYTHMIA. tampo
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112 The Cardiovascular System uses
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114 The Cardiovascular System agula
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116 The Cardiovascular System The c
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THE BLOOD AND LYMPH The BLOOD and L
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120 The Blood and Lymph then migrat
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122 The Blood and Lymph MODERN THER
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124 The Blood and Lymph aged erythr
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- Page 576 and 577: 128 The Blood and Lymph blood produ
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- Page 580 and 581: 132 The Blood and Lymph foundation
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- Page 584 and 585: 136 The Blood and Lymph in blood cl
- Page 586 and 587: 138 The Blood and Lymph erythrocyte
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- Page 590 and 591: 142 The Blood and Lymph blood back
- Page 592 and 593: 144 The Blood and Lymph develop ant
- Page 594 and 595: 146 The Blood and Lymph chronic leu
- Page 596 and 597: 148 The Blood and Lymph MYELOMA; SI
- Page 598 and 599: 150 The Blood and Lymph lymphangiom
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- Page 606 and 607: 158 The Blood and Lymph such as occ
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- Page 610 and 611: P phagocyte A white BLOOD cell (LEU
- Page 612 and 613: 164 The Blood and Lymph polycythemi
- Page 614 and 615: 166 The Blood and Lymph ens and har
- Page 616 and 617: 168 The Blood and Lymph splenectomy
- Page 618 and 619: 170 The Blood and Lymph aside from
- Page 620 and 621: 172 The Blood and Lymph dispenses t
- Page 622 and 623: 174 The Blood and Lymph molecular a
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- Page 632 and 633: 184 The Pulmonary System causes (ce
- Page 634 and 635: 186 The Pulmonary System after ORGA
- Page 636 and 637: 188 The Pulmonary System such as ch
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- Page 640 and 641: B berylliosis Chronic damage to the
- Page 642 and 643: 194 The Pulmonary System See also B
- Page 644 and 645: 196 The Pulmonary System Regular ph
- Page 646 and 647: 198 The Pulmonary System smooth MUS
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- Page 656 and 657: 208 The Pulmonary System as well as
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- Page 660 and 661: 212 The Pulmonary System the risk f
- Page 662 and 663: 214 The Pulmonary System against th
- Page 664 and 665: O 216 oxygen-carbon dioxide exchang
- Page 666 and 667: P pleura The membrane that covers t
- Page 668 and 669: 220 The Pulmonary System FORMS OF P
- Page 670 and 671: 222 The Pulmonary System • genera
- Page 672 and 673: 224 The Pulmonary System (ARDS), sm
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226 The Pulmonary System resistance
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228 The Pulmonary System • cyanos
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230 The Pulmonary System Risk Facto
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T-W tachypnea An abnormally rapid R
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234 The Pulmonary System please see
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236 The Immune System and Allergies
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238 The Immune System and Allergies
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240 The Immune System and Allergies
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242 The Immune System and Allergies
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244 The Immune System and Allergies
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246 The Immune System and Allergies
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248 The Immune System and Allergies
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250 The Immune System and Allergies
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252 The Immune System and Allergies
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254 The Immune System and Allergies
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256 The Immune System and Allergies
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D 258 desensitization A therapeutic
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F 5-aminosalicylate (5ASA) medicati
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262 The Immune System and Allergies
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264 The Immune System and Allergies
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H hay fever See ALLERGIC RHINITIS.
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268 The Immune System and Allergies
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270 The Immune System and Allergies
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I immune disorders Chronic conditio
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274 The Immune System and Allergies
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276 The Immune System and Allergies
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278 The Immune System and Allergies
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280 The Immune System and Allergies
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M macrophage A MONOCYTE that leaves
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284 The Immune System and Allergies
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N natural killer (NK) cell A granul
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288 The Immune System and Allergies
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290 The Immune System and Allergies
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292 The Immune System and Allergies
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294 The Immune System and Allergies
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296 The Immune System and Allergies
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V vaccine A substance that initiate
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300 The Immune System and Allergies
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302 The Immune System and Allergies
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304 Infectious Diseases took to dri
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A abscess A localized INFECTION con
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308 Infectious Diseases COMMON ANTI
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310 Infectious Diseases antibiotic
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312 Infectious Diseases ronment, th
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C campylobacteriosis An illness tha
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316 Infectious Diseases exposure to
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318 Infectious Diseases BLOOD TYPE
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320 Infectious Diseases ANTIFUNGAL
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D-E diphtheria An illness that resu
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324 Infectious Diseases cell lympho
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F-G fever An elevation of body temp
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328 Infectious Diseases simplex vir
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330 Infectious Diseases vague, such
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332 Infectious Diseases symptoms de
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334 Infectious Diseases blood suppl
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336 Infectious Diseases to antibiot
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I immunization The mechanism throug
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340 Infectious Diseases mised immun
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342 Infectious Diseases called eryt
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344 Infectious Diseases Enterovirus
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N-O 346 necrotizing fasciitis A rar
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P-R parasite An organism that requi
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350 Infectious Diseases transmittab
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S salmonellosis An illness resultin
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354 Infectious Diseases 1980. The l
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356 Infectious Diseases Tertiary sy
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358 Infectious Diseases Symptoms, w
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360 Infectious Diseases Doing so is
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362 Infectious Diseases Virus or Vi
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CANCER The area of health care conc
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A-B adenocarcinoma A type of cancer
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368 Cancer in receiving conventiona
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C cancer risk factors The circumsta
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372 Cancer or IMMUNOTHERAPY for an
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374 Cancer marker. The cancers asso
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376 Cancer Antibiotic chemotherapy
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D diagnosing cancer The procedures
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380 Cancer and preserved foods appe
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382 Cancer lifestyle and cancer Per
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M-O metastasis Cancer that spreads
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P pain management in cancer The abi
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R radiation therapy The use of ioni
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390 Cancer • mild NAUSEA • tire
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392 Cancer Specific symptoms of cer
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394 Cancer have become more precise
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396 Cancer Tumor Marker Correspondi
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398 Cancer
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400 Medical Advisory Review Panel U
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INDEX Page numbers in bold indicate
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Index 405 NK cell 286 oncogenes 384
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Index 407 septicemia 353 thalassemi
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Index 409 atherosclerosis 22 heart
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Index 411 coronary arteries 41 diet
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Index 413 EPO. See erythropoiesis;
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Index 415 obesity and cardiovascula
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Index 417 immunosenescence 275 immu
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Index 419 multiple myeloma 159 peri
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Index 421 mad cow disease (bovine s
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Index 423 CRT 31 heart transplantat
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Index 425 apoB100 16-17 cholesterol
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Index 427 thromboangiitis obliteran
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The Eyes i THE FACTS ON FILE ENCYCL
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The Eyes iii THE FACTS ON FILE ENCY
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The Eyes v CONTENTS VOLUME 3 Forewo
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FOREWORD A big part of my role as a
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HOW TO USE THE FACTS ON FILE ENCYCL
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How to Use xi collect concise prese
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PREFACE TO VOLUME 3 Volume 3 of the
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The Eyes xv THE FACTS ON FILE ENCYC
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THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM The gas
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4 The Gastrointestinal System Extra
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6 The Gastrointestinal System Tradi
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A 8 abdominal distention Swelling o
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10 The Gastrointestinal System agin
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12 The Gastrointestinal System “r
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14 The Gastrointestinal System COMM
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16 The Gastrointestinal System ship
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18 The Gastrointestinal System esop
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20 The Gastrointestinal System reac
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22 The Gastrointestinal System test
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24 The Gastrointestinal System COMP
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26 The Gastrointestinal System (pel
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28 The Gastrointestinal System requ
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30 The Gastrointestinal System Trea
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32 The Gastrointestinal System colo
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D diarrhea Watery or frequent bowel
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36 The Gastrointestinal System toms
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E endoscopic retrograde cholangiopa
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40 The Gastrointestinal System the
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42 The Gastrointestinal System conf
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44 The Gastrointestinal System bowe
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G gallbladder A small, muscular pou
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48 The Gastrointestinal System gall
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50 The Gastrointestinal System and
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52 The Gastrointestinal System See
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54 The Gastrointestinal System The
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56 The Gastrointestinal System peop
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58 The Gastrointestinal System cell
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I-K icterus See JAUNDICE. ileoanal
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62 The Gastrointestinal System The
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64 The Gastrointestinal System high
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66 The Gastrointestinal System and
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L laxatives Products to stimulate b
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70 The Gastrointestinal System aris
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72 The Gastrointestinal System tic
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74 The Gastrointestinal System leve
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76 The Gastrointestinal System Dono
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78 The Gastrointestinal System bila
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80 The Gastrointestinal System acts
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82 The Gastrointestinal System ENDO
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84 The Gastrointestinal System hype
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R rapid gastric emptying A disorder
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S short bowel syndrome Reduction in
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90 The Gastrointestinal System atit
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92 The Gastrointestinal System •
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94 The Gastrointestinal System the
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine
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The Endocrine System 99 The pituita
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The Endocrine System 101 deep in th
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The Endocrine System 103 the blood
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acromegaly 105 • DYSMENORRHEA (ab
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adrenal glands 107 It is essential
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adrenal insufficiency 109 aldostero
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aldosterone 111 HORMONE-RELEASING H
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 113 the
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C calcitonin A peptide HORMONE the
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Cushing’s syndrome 117 people tak
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D dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) A p
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diabetes 121 • tiredness and weak
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diabetes insipidus 123 quence of ki
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E-F endocrine gland A structure, so
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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Graves’s disease 129 occurs as a
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growth hormone-releasing hormone (G
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H Hashimoto’s disease See THYROID
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hormone 135 to those receptors. A r
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hyperkalemia 137 of the HEART’s r
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hyperthyroidism 139 calcium, phosph
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hypoglycemia 141 thyroid gland prov
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hypopituitarism 143 or foods high i
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hypothyroidism 145 • ANTIDIURETIC
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hypothyroidism 147 year to establis
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islet cell transplantation 149 thro
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L-O luteinizing hormone (LH) A pept
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P parathyroid glands Four small end
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pituitary gland 155 Researchers bel
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prolactin 157 See also ANDROGENS; B
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stress response hormonal cascade 15
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thyroid cancer 161 arising from the
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thyroiditis 163 HORMONE, which draw
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thyrotoxicosis 165 the blood may re
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V-W vasoactive intestinal peptide (
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THE URINARY SYSTEM The urinary syst
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172 The Urinary System volume surge
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174 The Urinary System described th
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176 The Urinary System Measures to
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B bladder A muscular, saclike struc
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180 The Urinary System STAGING OF B
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182 The Urinary System Certain trea
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184 The Urinary System • HEMATURI
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186 The Urinary System and function
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188 The Urinary System In some chil
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190 The Urinary System does not nee
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192 The Urinary System Chronic glom
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H hematuria BLOOD in the URINE. Hem
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196 The Urinary System dures for ot
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198 The Urinary System interstitial
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200 The Urinary System for live don
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202 The Urinary System other substa
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204 The Urinary System doctor can t
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206 The Urinary System mizes the ri
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208 The Urinary System Because the
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210 The Urinary System health condi
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212 The Urinary System the KIDNEYS.
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P percutaneous lithotripsy See EXTR
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216 The Urinary System • edema (s
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218 The Urinary System The primary
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220 The Urinary System • type 4 R
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222 The Urinary System urethra to m
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224 The Urinary System method, it r
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226 The Urinary System typically 7
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228 The Urinary System LITHOTRIPSY
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230 The Urinary System (NEPHRITIS)
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232 The Urinary System • decrease
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236 The Reproductive System tion of
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238 The Reproductive System dispara
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A abortion The end of a PREGNANCY b
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242 The Reproductive System As a ma
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244 The Reproductive System ings) a
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246 The Reproductive System becomes
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B balanitis INFLAMMATION of the gla
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250 The Reproductive System The gla
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252 The Reproductive System safe ma
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254 The Reproductive System complet
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C cancer of the penis A malignant (
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258 The Reproductive System Treatme
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260 The Reproductive System COMMON
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262 The Reproductive System In acti
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264 The Reproductive System TRACT I
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266 The Reproductive System Method
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D dilation and curettage (D&C) A su
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270 The Reproductive System differe
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272 The Reproductive System Treatme
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274 The Reproductive System HYPERPL
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276 The Reproductive System away th
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278 The Reproductive System thesia)
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280 The Reproductive System mechani
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282 The Reproductive System between
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284 The Reproductive System HIGHLIG
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286 The Reproductive System fibrocy
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288 The Reproductive System Women m
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H hematospermia BLOOD in the SEMEN
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292 The Reproductive System assiste
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294 The Reproductive System as saun
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K-L Klinefelter’s syndrome A chro
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M-N 298 mammogram An X-RAY examinat
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300 The Reproductive System the bre
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302 The Reproductive System withdre
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304 The Reproductive System HORMONE
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306 The Reproductive System harmful
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308 The Reproductive System tion of
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310 The Reproductive System tumors
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312 The Reproductive System (pills)
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314 The Reproductive System life. W
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316 The Reproductive System PAP TES
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318 The Reproductive System front o
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320 The Reproductive System wall an
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322 The Reproductive System the mos
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324 The Reproductive System who hav
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326 The Reproductive System ures, m
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328 The Reproductive System Prostat
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330 The Reproductive System whom pr
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332 The Reproductive System Surgica
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334 The Reproductive System prostat
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336 The Reproductive System though
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338 The Reproductive System ing, an
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340 The Reproductive System and QUA
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342 The Reproductive System provide
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344 The Reproductive System tend to
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346 The Reproductive System Risk Fa
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348 The Reproductive System threate
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350 The Reproductive System grow in
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V-Z VACTERL The acronym for a const
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354 The Reproductive System regular
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356 The Reproductive System See als
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358 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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360 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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362 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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364 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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B behavior modification therapy A t
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368 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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370 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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372 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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E-I eating disorders Psychologic co
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376 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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378 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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380 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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S-T seasonal affective disorder (SA
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384 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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386 Psychiatric Disorders and Psych
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388 Medical Advisory Review Panel U
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INDEX Page numbers in bold indicate
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Index 393 benign tumor. See tumor,
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Index 395 colitis 25-26, 61, 88 col
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Index 397 electroconvulsive therapy
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Index 399 HNPCC 58 MEN 151 polycyst
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Index 401 testicular torsion 347 im
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Index 403 DUB 268 endometriosis 276
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Index 405 peritonitis 83 ureter 221
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Index 407 SAD (seasonal affective d
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Index 409 calcitonin 115 endocrine
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The Eyes i THE FACTS ON FILE ENCYCL
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The Eyes iii THE FACTS ON FILE ENCY
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The Eyes v CONTENTS VOLUME 4 Forewo
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FOREWORD A big part of my role as a
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HOW TO USE THE FACTS ON FILE ENCYCL
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How to Use xi collect concise prese
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PREFACE TO VOLUME 4 Volume 4 of the
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PREVENTIVE MEDICINE The medical dis
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Preventive Medicine 3 preventive me
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A accidental injuries Accidental in
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antibiotic prophylaxis 7 head injur
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B birth defects More than 150,000 i
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irth defects 11 COMMON TERATOGENIC
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uilding-related illness 13 beyond t
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cardiovascular disease prevention 1
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community sanitation 17 supplement
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D diabetes prevention DIABETES is e
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drinking water standards 21 health
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in health is to prevent injuries, p
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fluoridation 25 fluoride continues
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health risk factors 27 health-care
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Healthy People 2010 29 to eat fewer
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hepatitis prevention 31 a diet of o
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HIV/AIDS prevention 33 to symptoms
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influenza prevention 35 that causes
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L life expectancy A statistical cal
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N-P neural tube defects BIRTH DEFEC
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poison prevention 41 • lifestyle
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Q-R quality of life The extent to w
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outine medical examination 45 lungs
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substance abuse prevention 47 befor
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water safety 49 also account for a
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ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY APPRO
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Alternative and Complementary Appro
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Alternative and Complementary Appro
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anti-aging approaches 57 spread of
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Ayurveda 59 other forms that allow
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oswellia 61 DIABETES (INSULIN or or
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Benefits and Risks of Chiropractic
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craniosacral massage 65 supplementa
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feverfew 67 with NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-
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G garlic In ancient times people us
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ginseng 71 FUNCTION related to ATHE
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green tea 73 cosamine is a dietary
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H-I homeopathy A system of medicine
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Hypnotherapy may help people who ar
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L labyrinth A spirituality-based ap
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M magnet therapy The use of static
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medicinal herbs and botanicals 83 r
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medicinal herbs and botanicals 85 T
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medicinal herbs and botanicals 87 N
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milk thistle 89 Raising the level o
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N-O Native American healing A spiri
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osteopathy 93 result in health impr
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eflexology A therapeutic approach t
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S SAMe A chemical that occurs natur
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Sun’s Soup 99 The primary active
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T tai chi A gentle form of martial
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traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
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vitamin and mineral therapy 105 Vit
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zeaxanthin 107 yohimbe’s active i
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This section, “Genetics and Molec
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Genetics and Molecular Medicine 111
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A allele Any of the variations of a
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C cell structure and function The c
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chromosomal disorders 117 attached
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cloning 119 ment. The only cells in
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cystic fibrosis 121 • thick SPUTU
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Down syndrome 123 Down syndrome hav
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familial Mediterranean fever 125 DI
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G gamete A spermatozoon (SPERM cell
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genetic predisposition The tendency
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G6PD deficiency 131 to develop the
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karyotype 133 INHERITANCE PATTERNS:
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nucleotide 135 See also CELL STRUCT
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porphyria 137 phenylalanine. Phenyl
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RNA 139 forms of MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
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stem cell therapy 141 Researchers h
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variation 143 at highest risk for T
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DRUGS The area of health care conce
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Drugs 147 situations, however, taki
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aging, effects on drug metabolism a
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antitoxin 151 adaptive mutations fo
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B-D bioavailability The amount of a
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drug interaction 155 action of anot
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drug interaction 157 This Drug In C
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investigational new drug (IND) 159
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L-N legend drug In the United State
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O off-label use Taking a DRUG for a
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overdose 165 A high risk for overdo
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over-the-counter (OTC) drug 167 com
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oute of administration The method b
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side effect 171 See also ILLICIT DR
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trough level 173 next DOSE of the d
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Nutrition and Diet 175 CARDIOVASCUL
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appetite 177 elderly. NUTRITIONAL D
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B-C beriberi A health condition res
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cholesterol, dietary 181 Many peopl
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hunger 183 their desires. An advanc
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L-M lactose intolerance The inabili
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minerals and health 187 BLOOD circu
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minerals and health 189 Mineral Tra
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nutrients 191 hydrogen. Nutritionis
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nutritional assessment 193 tually m
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nutritional needs 195 Deficient Nut
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nutritional supplements 197 and dis
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ickets A health condition that resu
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S-T satiety The sensation of fullne
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triglycerides, dietary 203 genetic
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vitamins and health 205 although vi
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vitamins and health 207 vitamin C s
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vitamins and health 209 contain vit
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Fitness: Exercise and Health 211 th
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A-B aerobic capacity The maximum am
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lister prevention 215 computer, and
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C carbohydrate loading The practice
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cross training 219 workout for the
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exercise and health 221 exercise an
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flat feet 223 GENERAL FITNESS LEVEL
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M metabolic equivalent (MET) A unit
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metabolism 227 Doctors commonly ref
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esistance exercise 229 ciency, flex
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S-T shin splints PAIN along the tib
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training 233 tion in strengthening
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W walking for fitness A planned app
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weekend warrior 237 the process in
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239 The Eyes Human Relations 239 Ho
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anger and anger management 241 NEPH
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cultural and ethnic health-care per
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elder abuse 245 • Neglect occurs
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G-I generational health-care perspe
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P parenting The functions and proce
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S sexual assault Unwilling, unconse
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stress and stress management 253 he
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V-W violence Actions of aggression
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SURGERY Surgery is the specialty wi
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Surgery 259 members of the surgical
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anesthesia 261 the site of the oper
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loodless surgery 263 It is importan
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L-M Langer’s lines The natural li
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minimally invasive surgery 267 Reco
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operation 269 Surgical Operation cr
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organ transplantation 271 available
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organ transplantation 273 for harve
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postoperative procedures 275 MOST C
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S surgery benefit and risk assessme
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surgery benefit and risk assessment
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wound care 281 Postoperative Compli
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Lifestyle Variables: Smoking and Ob
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ariatric surgery 285 BARIATRIC OPER
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ariatric surgery 287 most commonly
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ody mass index (BMI) 289 BODY FAT P
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C childhood obesity The development
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D-E diet aids Products that claim t
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food cravings 295 means of controll
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L-N lean muscle mass The amount of
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O obesity The circumstance of weigh
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obesity and health 301 obesity and
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S smoking and health There are no h
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smoking cessation 305 more than 25
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upper arm circumference 307 LUNGS,
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weight loss and weight management 3
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SUBSTANCE ABUSE Substance abuse is
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Substance Abuse 313 (FAS) is the mo
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alcohol 315 well as address the phy
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alcohol 317 sense of relaxation and
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alcoholism 319 onslaught of hepatot
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anabolic steroids and steroid precu
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B THE TRUTH ABOUT TRUTH SERUM Thiop
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uprenorphine 325 SORS; ERYTHROCYTE;
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chloral hydrate A hypnotic drug use
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cocaine 329 HOL and smoke cigarette
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depressants 331 presence in the bod
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disulfiram 333 HEALTH RISKS OF DEXT
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fetal alcohol syndrome 335 full-blo
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H hallucinogens Psychoactive substa
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hypnotics 339 needle directly into
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intoxication 341 Needle exchange pr
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methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA
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As a stimulant nicotine can heighte
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O-R opiates Drugs derived from opiu
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Rohypnol 349 prescription drug abus
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substance abuse treatment 351 drawa
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T-W tobacco A plant cultivated as a
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EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID This sectio
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First Response The responses and ac
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First Response 359 site and situati
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Burns, Bleeding, Breaks The most co
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Burns, Bleeding, Breaks 363 • If
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Burns, Bleeding, Breaks 365 there.
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Burns, Bleeding, Breaks 367 See als
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Drowning 369 MONARY RESUSCITATION (
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Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest—any
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Cardiac Arrest 373 4. Grab the fist
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Heat and Cold Injuries 375 severe m
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Major Trauma Major trauma is a circ
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Major Trauma 379 • Stop bleeding.
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Poisoning Many substances are toxic
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Poisoning 383 POISONOUS SNAKES IN T
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Poisoning 385 people injured with e
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APPENDIXES I. Vital Signs II. Advan
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APPENDIX I VITAL SIGNS Vital signs
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APPENDIX III GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TE
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Glossary of Medical Terms 393 minut
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Abbreviations and Symbols 395 CVID
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Abbreviations and Symbols 397 SPECT
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APPENDIX VI RESOURCES The resources
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Resources 401 US Social Security Ad
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Resources 403 National Parkinson Fo
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Resources 405 JAMA Asthma Informati
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Resources 407 800-950-NAMI (6264) w
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Resources 409 American Academy of F
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Biographies of Notable Personalitie
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Biographies of Notable Personalitie
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Biographies of Notable Personalitie
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APPENDIX VIII DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING PR
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Diagnostic Imaging Procedures 419 X
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Family Medical Tree 421 compile a f
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Immunization and Routine Examinatio
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APPENDIX XII NOBEL LAUREATES IN PHY
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Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Me
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Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Me
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Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Me
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER R
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Bibliography 435 Leikin, Jerrold B.
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Bibliography 437 Emery, Alan E. H.,
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MEDICAL ADVISORY REVIEW PANEL Kyra
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Medical Advisory Review Panel 441 M
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444 Index prescription drug abuse 4
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446 Index smoking and pulmonary dis
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448 Index aphrodisiac 4:71, 106 apl
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450 Index Sjögren’s syndrome 2:2
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452 Index body substance isolation
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454 Index aphasia 1:225 AVM 2:19 bl
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456 Index tobacco use other than sm
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458 Index GABA 4:336 ginseng 4:72 h
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460 Index cleaning the ear 1:15, 21
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462 Index CABG 2:41-43 cardiac cath
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464 Index cyclothymic disorder 3:37
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466 Index ERCP 3:38 gallbladder 3:4
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468 Index endoscopic retrograde cho
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470 Index F facelift. See rhytidopl
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472 Index immune disorders 2:272 in
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474 Index chest pain 2:35 congenita
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476 Index histocompatability locus
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478 Index stress response hormonal
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480 Index histoplasmosis 2:333 list
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482 Index internal bleeding 4:362,
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484 Index LH. See luteinizing hormo
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486 Index aerobic fitness 2:9 aging
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488 Index abdominal adiposity 4:284
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490 Index skeleton 1:293, 355 struc
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492 Index nevus 1:139, 141, 178-179
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494 Index chondroitin 4:64 flexibil
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496 Index cloning 4:119 deep brain
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498 Index pleurisy 2:183, 218, 218-
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500 Index drinking water standards
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502 Index retinoblastoma 1:114, 118
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504 Index pruritus 1:187-188 pseudo
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506 Index stenosis 2:113, 114 stent
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508 Index fluoridation 4:24-25 func
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510 Index fibroadenoma 3:284 fibroe
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512 Index DVT 2:47-48 platelet 2:16