Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia - James Aitken Wylie

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whatever activity and enlightenment of mind yet existed in Poland. The country had no need of this additional stimulus: it was already pursuing fast enough the road to ruin. For a century, one disaster after another had devastated its soil and people. Its limits had been curtailed by the loss of several provinces; its population had been diminished by the emigration of thousands of Protestants; its resources had been drained by its efforts to quell revolt within and ward off invasion from without; its intelligence had been obscured, and well-nigh extinguished, by those who claimed the exclusive right to instruct its youth; for in that land it was a greater misfortune to be educated than to grow up untaught. Overspread by torpor, Poland gave no signs of life save such as indicate paralysis. Placed under foreign tutelage, and sunk in dependence and helplessness, if she was cared for by her powerful protectors, it was as men care for a once noble palace which they have no thought of rebuilding, but from whose fallen masses they hope to extract a column or a topstone that may help to enlarge and embellish their own dwelling. 130
Justice requires that we should state, before dismissing this part of our subject, with its many solemn lessons, that though the fall of Protestantism in Poland, and the consequent ruin of the Polish State, was mainly the work of the Jesuits, other causes co-operated, though ill a less degree. The Protestant body in Poland, from the first, was parted into three Confessions: the Genevan in Lithuania, the Bohemian in Great Poland, and the Lutheran in those towns that were inhabited by a population of German descent. This was a source of weakness, and this weakness was aggravated by the ill-will borne by the Lutheran Protestants to the adherents of the other two Confessions. The evil was cured, it was thought, by the Union of Sandomir; but Lutheran exclusiveness and intolerance, after a few years, again broke up the united Church, and deprived the Protestant cause of the strength which a common center always gives. The short lives of John Alasco and Prince Radziwill are also to be reckoned among the causes which contributed to the failure of the Reform movement in Poland. Had their labors been prolonged, a deeper seat would have been given to 131
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PROTESTANTISM IN POLAND AND BOHEMIA
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Germany, which because the seat of
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Prague in 1411. The citizens interr
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capital, and the chief emporium of
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whom the late changes had been made
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consummate their auto- da-fe. At Br
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were being laid for them in the wri
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historian styles him had to pass th
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through Cracow. The pilgrims assemb
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The next move was to convoke a Syno
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domains, inhabited castles, and liv
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willing to execute their sentences.
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thought it very possible that if he
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Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vo
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although amid all these laborers we
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he feared to take the only effectua
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whether Sigismund Augustus was ever
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ample, he took upon himself the exp
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only infallible touch-stone -- "Can
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oth recognised a common foe. Accusa
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Friesland, the troubles of Alasco m
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entered the Danish harbor of Elsino
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Church; and now (1555) he dedicated
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seemed now within his reach. That w
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Pope would do, and with more order
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intercourse with some Bohemian Prot
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to the horrors of the death-bed of
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destruction, and afterwards to an e
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20. Krasinski, Slavonia, pp. 217, 2
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ecclesiastical reforms; this fortif
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in transubstantiation, and would ne
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on whom the ordinary exorcisms had
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3rdly, the marriage of priests; 4th
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decisive effects on the Kingdom of
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If a National Council could not mee
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that the Bohemian Confession was "c
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sectaries, as well as all the enemi
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There follows a long and brilliant
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efficient weapon against the attack
Page 79 and 80: 11. Krasinski, Hist Reform. Poland,
Page 81 and 82: the organisation of its Church at t
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Page 95 and 96: Chapter 5 Turning of the Tide of Pr
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Page 101 and 102: was this danger, perhaps not forese
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Page 105 and 106: 3. Ibid., vol. 2., pp. 49, 50. 105
Page 107 and 108: application to business, often dict
Page 109 and 110: Fables of Aesop. His many acquireme
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Page 113 and 114: the devil, addressed to the members
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Page 127 and 128: Casimir returned to resume his reig
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Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 Bohemia Entrance of Refor
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Page 159 and 160: 4. See ante, vol. 1, bk. 3., chap.
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 8 Overthrow of Protestantis
Page 163 and 164: and orphans. There was, moreover, a
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Page 173 and 174: The men now swept off to prison wer
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soldiers and townspeople rushed int
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those who remained behind would mak
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7. Comenius, cap. 44, p. 154. 8. "L
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He paced to and fro a little while
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found the leaves were of silk, whit
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on the tower of the Bridge of Pragu
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when it is tedious to sit long, and
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words. When he had undressed for th
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Czernin, of Chudenitz. This suffere
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scaffold he sang the last verse of
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Fathers, thinking the victory as go
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hands in prayer. Then, rising up, h
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the ladder, and gave up the ghost.[
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Chapter 10 Suppression of Protestan
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the emperor to bring the whole of B
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liberty you desire? Everywhere you
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abandonment of the Protestant faith
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on the streets were often so great
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The razing of the churches in many
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of the church in Prague which had b
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were forgotten; the noble memories
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care for the salvation of his kingd
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Protestant burials; to harbor any o
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thereafter, several hundreds were s
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many perishing through the hunger,
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historians also. "Until that time,"
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13. Ludwig Hausser, Period of the R
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Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia - James Aitken Wylie

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