Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia - James Aitken Wylie

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Prussia, where Duke Albert, agreeably to his promise, accorded them the rights of naturalisation, and full religious liberty. But the seed they had sown in Posen remained behind them. In the following year (1549) many of them returned to Poland, and resumed their propagation of the Reformed doctrines. They prosecuted their work without molestation, and with great success. Many of the principal families embraced their opinions; and the ultimate result of their labors was the formation of about eighty congregations in the provinces of Grand Poland, besides many in other parts of the kingdom. A quarrel broke out between the students and the university authorities at Cracow, which, although originating in a street-brawl, had important bearings on the Protestant movement. The breach it was found impossible to heal, and the students resolved to leave Cracow in a body. "The schools became silent," says a contemporary writer, "the halls of the university were deserted, and the churches were mute."[10] Nothing but farewells, lamentations, and groans resounded 16
through Cracow. The pilgrims assembled ill a suburban church, to hear a farewell mass, and then set forth, singing a sacred hymn, some taking the road to the College of Goldberg, in Silesia, and others going on to the newly-erected University of Konigsberg, in Prussia. The first-named school was under the direction of Frankendorf, one of the most eminent of Melancthon's pupils; Konigsberg, a creation of Albert, Duke of Prussia, was already fulfilling its founder's intention, which was the diffusion of scriptural knowledge. In both seminaries the predominating influences were Protestant. The consequence was that almost all these students returned to their homes imbued with the Reformed doctrine, and powerfully contributed to spread it in Poland. So stood the movement when Sigismund Augustus ascended the throne in 1548. Protestant truth was widely spread throughout the kingdom. In the towns of Polish Prussia, where many Germans resided, the Reformation was received in its Lutheran expression; in the rest of Poland it was embraced in its Calvinistic form. Many powerful 17
Page 1 and 2: PROTESTANTISM IN POLAND AND BOHEMIA
Page 3 and 4: Germany, which because the seat of
Page 5 and 6: Prague in 1411. The citizens interr
Page 7 and 8: capital, and the chief emporium of
Page 9 and 10: whom the late changes had been made
Page 11 and 12: consummate their auto- da-fe. At Br
Page 13 and 14: were being laid for them in the wri
Page 15: historian styles him had to pass th
Page 19 and 20: The next move was to convoke a Syno
Page 21 and 22: domains, inhabited castles, and liv
Page 23 and 24: willing to execute their sentences.
Page 25 and 26: thought it very possible that if he
Page 27 and 28: Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vo
Page 29 and 30: although amid all these laborers we
Page 31 and 32: he feared to take the only effectua
Page 33 and 34: whether Sigismund Augustus was ever
Page 35 and 36: ample, he took upon himself the exp
Page 37 and 38: only infallible touch-stone -- "Can
Page 39 and 40: oth recognised a common foe. Accusa
Page 41 and 42: Friesland, the troubles of Alasco m
Page 43 and 44: entered the Danish harbor of Elsino
Page 45 and 46: Church; and now (1555) he dedicated
Page 47 and 48: seemed now within his reach. That w
Page 49 and 50: Pope would do, and with more order
Page 51 and 52: intercourse with some Bohemian Prot
Page 53 and 54: to the horrors of the death-bed of
Page 55 and 56: destruction, and afterwards to an e
Page 57 and 58: 20. Krasinski, Slavonia, pp. 217, 2
Page 59 and 60: ecclesiastical reforms; this fortif
Page 61 and 62: in transubstantiation, and would ne
Page 63 and 64: on whom the ordinary exorcisms had
Page 65 and 66: 3rdly, the marriage of priests; 4th
Page 67 and 68:
decisive effects on the Kingdom of
Page 69 and 70:
If a National Council could not mee
Page 71 and 72:
that the Bohemian Confession was "c
Page 73 and 74:
sectaries, as well as all the enemi
Page 75 and 76:
There follows a long and brilliant
Page 77 and 78:
efficient weapon against the attack
Page 79 and 80:
11. Krasinski, Hist Reform. Poland,
Page 81 and 82:
the organisation of its Church at t
Page 83 and 84:
native land was not unlike that of
Page 85 and 86:
convened in each district. Although
Page 87 and 88:
in 1572, without having come to any
Page 89 and 90:
of the Protestants, drafted a list
Page 91 and 92:
what was unlawful was not binding,
Page 93 and 94:
could they feel for him? Henry took
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 5 Turning of the Tide of Pr
Page 97 and 98:
Poland, and whence they spread them
Page 99 and 100:
of their tithes from Protestant lan
Page 101 and 102:
was this danger, perhaps not forese
Page 103 and 104:
years, not without glory, and was s
Page 105 and 106:
3. Ibid., vol. 2., pp. 49, 50. 105
Page 107 and 108:
application to business, often dict
Page 109 and 110:
Fables of Aesop. His many acquireme
Page 111 and 112:
others to enrich also themselves. C
Page 113 and 114:
the devil, addressed to the members
Page 115 and 116:
libraries to be given to the flames
Page 117 and 118:
among them a few men of good talent
Page 119 and 120:
that should they slip their fetters
Page 121 and 122:
described by Broscius, a zealous Ro
Page 123 and 124:
Vladislav was succeeded by his brot
Page 125 and 126:
archbishop should have a seat in th
Page 127 and 128:
Casimir returned to resume his reig
Page 129 and 130:
communion were extinct or had passe
Page 131 and 132:
Justice requires that we should sta
Page 133 and 134:
ecame rottenness, and blight deepen
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 7 Bohemia Entrance of Refor
Page 137 and 138:
century, there were about 200 of th
Page 139 and 140:
Church of Laeta Curia, Old Prague.
Page 141 and 142:
massacre all the Calixtines, and th
Page 143 and 144:
Christ is present in it, having fle
Page 145 and 146:
venerable scholar and aged matron a
Page 147 and 148:
great favor with him as to be accou
Page 149 and 150:
malicious charges, issued an order
Page 151 and 152:
Elector of Saxony, on the throne of
Page 153 and 154:
filled all their existing schools,
Page 155 and 156:
old edicts against the Protestants.
Page 157 and 158:
Confession been universally signed,
Page 159 and 160:
4. See ante, vol. 1, bk. 3., chap.
Page 161 and 162:
Chapter 8 Overthrow of Protestantis
Page 163 and 164:
and orphans. There was, moreover, a
Page 165 and 166:
not be lasting. The great security
Page 167 and 168:
expressed the consummate craft with
Page 169 and 170:
to beg the electors not to recogniz
Page 171 and 172:
and maidens violated; neither the c
Page 173 and 174:
The men now swept off to prison wer
Page 175 and 176:
emperor's sword to conquer, and has
Page 177 and 178:
their religion, holding out the hop
Page 179 and 180:
een erected. They hastened to the w
Page 181 and 182:
soldiers and townspeople rushed int
Page 183 and 184:
those who remained behind would mak
Page 185 and 186:
7. Comenius, cap. 44, p. 154. 8. "L
Page 187 and 188:
He paced to and fro a little while
Page 189 and 190:
found the leaves were of silk, whit
Page 191 and 192:
on the tower of the Bridge of Pragu
Page 193 and 194:
when it is tedious to sit long, and
Page 195 and 196:
words. When he had undressed for th
Page 197 and 198:
Czernin, of Chudenitz. This suffere
Page 199 and 200:
scaffold he sang the last verse of
Page 201 and 202:
Fathers, thinking the victory as go
Page 203 and 204:
hands in prayer. Then, rising up, h
Page 205 and 206:
the ladder, and gave up the ghost.[
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 10 Suppression of Protestan
Page 209 and 210:
the emperor to bring the whole of B
Page 211 and 212:
liberty you desire? Everywhere you
Page 213 and 214:
abandonment of the Protestant faith
Page 215 and 216:
on the streets were often so great
Page 217 and 218:
The razing of the churches in many
Page 219 and 220:
of the church in Prague which had b
Page 221 and 222:
were forgotten; the noble memories
Page 223 and 224:
care for the salvation of his kingd
Page 225 and 226:
Protestant burials; to harbor any o
Page 227 and 228:
thereafter, several hundreds were s
Page 229 and 230:
many perishing through the hunger,
Page 231 and 232:
historians also. "Until that time,"
Page 233:
13. Ludwig Hausser, Period of the R
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Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia - James Aitken Wylie

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