Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia - James Aitken Wylie

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them was a numerous body of Jesuits, who bore the chief burden of this new Reformation. After the executions, which we have described, were over, it was resolved to proceed by kindness and persuasion. If the Reformation could not be completed without the axe and the halter, these would not be wanting; meanwhile, mild measures, it was thought, would best succeed. The monks who dispersed themselves among the people assured them of the emperor's favor should they embrace the emperor's religion. The times were hard, and such as had fallen into straits were assisted with money or with seed-corn. The Protestant poor were, on the other hand, refused alms, and at times could not even buy bread with money. Husbands were separated from their wives, and children from their parents. Disfranchisement, expulsion from corporations and offices, the denial of burial, and similar oppressions were inflicted on those who evinced a disposition to remain steadfast in their Protestant profession. If any one declared that he would exile himself rather than apostatize, he was laughed at for his folly. "To what land will you go," he was asked, "where you shall find the 210
liberty you desire? Everywhere you shall find heresy proscribed. One's native soil is sweet, and you will be glad to return to yours, only, it may be, to find the door of the emperor's clemency closed." Numerous conversions were effected before the adoption of a single harsh measure; but wherever the Scriptural knowledge of Huss's Reformation had taken root, there the monks found the work much more difficult. The first great tentative measure was the expulsion of the Anabaptists from Moravia. The most unbefriended, they were selected as the first victims. The Anabaptists were gathered into some forty-five communities or colleges, where they had all things in common, and were much respected by their neighbors for their quiet and orderly lives. Their lands were skillfully cultivated, and their taxes duly paid, but these qualities could procure them no favor in the eyes of their sovereign. The order for their banishment arrived in the beginning of autumn, 1622, and was all the more severe that it inferred the loss of the labors of the year. Leaving their fields unreaped and their grapes to 211
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PROTESTANTISM IN POLAND AND BOHEMIA
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Germany, which because the seat of
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Prague in 1411. The citizens interr
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capital, and the chief emporium of
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whom the late changes had been made
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consummate their auto- da-fe. At Br
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were being laid for them in the wri
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historian styles him had to pass th
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through Cracow. The pilgrims assemb
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The next move was to convoke a Syno
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domains, inhabited castles, and liv
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willing to execute their sentences.
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thought it very possible that if he
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Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vo
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although amid all these laborers we
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he feared to take the only effectua
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whether Sigismund Augustus was ever
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ample, he took upon himself the exp
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only infallible touch-stone -- "Can
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oth recognised a common foe. Accusa
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Friesland, the troubles of Alasco m
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entered the Danish harbor of Elsino
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Church; and now (1555) he dedicated
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seemed now within his reach. That w
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Pope would do, and with more order
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intercourse with some Bohemian Prot
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to the horrors of the death-bed of
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destruction, and afterwards to an e
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20. Krasinski, Slavonia, pp. 217, 2
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ecclesiastical reforms; this fortif
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in transubstantiation, and would ne
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on whom the ordinary exorcisms had
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3rdly, the marriage of priests; 4th
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decisive effects on the Kingdom of
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If a National Council could not mee
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that the Bohemian Confession was "c
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sectaries, as well as all the enemi
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There follows a long and brilliant
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efficient weapon against the attack
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11. Krasinski, Hist Reform. Poland,
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the organisation of its Church at t
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native land was not unlike that of
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convened in each district. Although
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in 1572, without having come to any
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of the Protestants, drafted a list
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what was unlawful was not binding,
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could they feel for him? Henry took
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Chapter 5 Turning of the Tide of Pr
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Poland, and whence they spread them
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of their tithes from Protestant lan
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was this danger, perhaps not forese
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years, not without glory, and was s
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3. Ibid., vol. 2., pp. 49, 50. 105
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application to business, often dict
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Fables of Aesop. His many acquireme
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others to enrich also themselves. C
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the devil, addressed to the members
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libraries to be given to the flames
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among them a few men of good talent
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that should they slip their fetters
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described by Broscius, a zealous Ro
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Vladislav was succeeded by his brot
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archbishop should have a seat in th
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Casimir returned to resume his reig
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communion were extinct or had passe
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Justice requires that we should sta
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ecame rottenness, and blight deepen
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Chapter 7 Bohemia Entrance of Refor
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century, there were about 200 of th
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Church of Laeta Curia, Old Prague.
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massacre all the Calixtines, and th
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Christ is present in it, having fle
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venerable scholar and aged matron a
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great favor with him as to be accou
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malicious charges, issued an order
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Elector of Saxony, on the throne of
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filled all their existing schools,
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old edicts against the Protestants.
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Confession been universally signed,
Page 159 and 160: 4. See ante, vol. 1, bk. 3., chap.
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 8 Overthrow of Protestantis
Page 163 and 164: and orphans. There was, moreover, a
Page 165 and 166: not be lasting. The great security
Page 167 and 168: expressed the consummate craft with
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Page 171 and 172: and maidens violated; neither the c
Page 173 and 174: The men now swept off to prison wer
Page 175 and 176: emperor's sword to conquer, and has
Page 177 and 178: their religion, holding out the hop
Page 179 and 180: een erected. They hastened to the w
Page 181 and 182: soldiers and townspeople rushed int
Page 183 and 184: those who remained behind would mak
Page 185 and 186: 7. Comenius, cap. 44, p. 154. 8. "L
Page 187 and 188: He paced to and fro a little while
Page 189 and 190: found the leaves were of silk, whit
Page 191 and 192: on the tower of the Bridge of Pragu
Page 193 and 194: when it is tedious to sit long, and
Page 195 and 196: words. When he had undressed for th
Page 197 and 198: Czernin, of Chudenitz. This suffere
Page 199 and 200: scaffold he sang the last verse of
Page 201 and 202: Fathers, thinking the victory as go
Page 203 and 204: hands in prayer. Then, rising up, h
Page 205 and 206: the ladder, and gave up the ghost.[
Page 207 and 208: Chapter 10 Suppression of Protestan
Page 209: the emperor to bring the whole of B
Page 213 and 214: abandonment of the Protestant faith
Page 215 and 216: on the streets were often so great
Page 217 and 218: The razing of the churches in many
Page 219 and 220: of the church in Prague which had b
Page 221 and 222: were forgotten; the noble memories
Page 223 and 224: care for the salvation of his kingd
Page 225 and 226: Protestant burials; to harbor any o
Page 227 and 228: thereafter, several hundreds were s
Page 229 and 230: many perishing through the hunger,
Page 231 and 232: historians also. "Until that time,"
Page 233: 13. Ludwig Hausser, Period of the R
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Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia - James Aitken Wylie

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