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Farb, P. & Armelagos, G. 1980: Consuming passions: the anthropology of eating, Boston. Finley, M. I. 1985: The ancient economy, 2nd. ed., Berkeley. Fiorelli, G. 1873: Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1861 al 1872, Napoli. Fiorelli, G. 1875: Descrizione di Pompei, Napoli. Fisher, N. R. E. 1988: "Roman associations, dinner parties, and clubs" in M. Grant and R. Kitzinger, Civilization of the ancient Mediterranean; Greece and Rome, New York, 1199-1225. Flower, B. & Rosenbaum, E. 1958: The Roman cookery book, London. Förtsch, R. 1993: Archäologischer Kommentar zu den Villenbriefen des jüngeren Plinius, Mainz am Rhein. Franchi dell'Orto, L. 1992: "Food and drink" in Rediscovering Pompeii, Roma, 187. Franklin, J.L. 1980: Pompeii: the electoral programmata, campaigns and politics, A.D. 71-79, Papers and Monographs of the American Academy in Rome (28), Rome. Franklin, J.L. 1978: "Notes on Pompeian prosopography: programmatum scriptores", Cronache Pompeiane (4), 1978, 54-74. Frayn, J. M. 1978: "Home-baking in Roman Italy", Antiquity (52), 28-33. Friedländer (I-IV): Roman life and manners under the early empire, 4 vols, J.H. <strong>Free</strong>se & L.A. Magnus, transl., New York, 1908. Frier, B. 1991: "Pompeii's economy and society" (review of Jongman 1988), Journal of Roman Archaeology (4), 243-247. Frier, B. 1980: Landlords and tenants in ancient Rome. Princeton. Fröhlich, T. 1991: Lararien und Fassadenbilder in den Vesuvustädten. Untersuchungen zur 'volkstümlichen' pompejanischen Malerei, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts, Roemische Abteilung: Ergänzungsheft (32), Mainz. Fuchs, J. 1977: Horace's satires and epistles, transl., New York. Fulvio, L. 1879: "Delle fornaci e dei forni pompeiani" in Pompei e la regione sotterrata dal Vesuvio nell'anno LXXIX, Napoli, 273-291. Gardner, J. F. & Wiedemann, T. 1991: The Roman household, a sourcebook, New York. Gardner, J. F. 1986: Women in Roman law and society, Bloomington. Garnsey, P. 1991a: "Child rearing in ancient Italy" in D.I. Kertzer & R.P. Saller, eds., The family in Italy: from antiquity to the present, New Haven, 48-65. Garnsey, P. 1991b: "Mass diet and nutrition in the city of Rome", in A. Giovanni, ed., Nourrir la plebe. Actes du colloque tenu a Geneve les 28 et 29.IX.1989 en hommage a Denis Van Berchem, F. Reinhardt, 67-95. 309
Gassner, V. 1986: Die Kaufläden in Pompeii, Dissertationen der Universität Wien, 178, Wien. Gazda, E. (ed.) 1991: Roman art in the private sphere. New perspectives on the architecture and decor of the domus, villa, and insula, Ann Arbor. GdS: Giornale degli Scavi di Pompei, Nuova Serie, Vols. 1-4, 1868-1876, Napoli. Giannini, A. 1960: "La figura del cuoco nella commedia greca", Acme (13.2-3), 135-216. Goddard, J. 1994: "The tyrant at table" in J. Elsner & J. Masters, Reflections of Nero: culture, history & representation, London, 67-82. Gowers, E. 1993: The loaded table. Representations of food in Roman literature, Oxford. Gozzini Giacosa, I. 1992: A taste of ancient Rome, Chicago. Graham, J. W. 1966: "Origins and interrelation of the Greek house and the Roman house", Phoenix (20), 3-31. Gralfs, B. 1988: "Metallverarbeitende Produktionsstäatten in Pompeji", BAR International Series (433). Greene, K. 1986: The archaeology of the Roman economy, Berkeley. Grmek, M.D. 1989: Diseases in the ancient Greek world, Baltimore. Guida 1976: Guida archeologica di Pompei, E. La Rocca, M. De Vos, A. De Vos, Verona. Guida Laterza 1982: Pompei Ercolano Stabia, Guide archeologiche Laterza (11), A. De Vos & M. De Vos, Roma. Gury, F. 1986: "La forge du destin. À propos d'une série de peintures pompéiennes du IV e style", Mélanges de L'École Française de Rome (98.2), 427-489. Harris, M. 1985: The sacred cow and the abominable pig: riddles of food and culture, New York. Harsh, P. 1935: "The origins of the insula at Ostia", Memoires of the American Academy at Rome (12), 7-66. Hauthal, F. 1864: Acronis et Porphyrionis commentarii in Q. Horatium Flaccum, F. Hauthal, ed., 2 vols., Berlin. Hayden, B. 1993: Archaeology: the science of once and future things, New York. Helbig, W. 1868: Die Wandgemälde der vom Vesuv verschütteten Städte Campaniens, Leipzig. Hilgers, W. 1969: Lateinische Gefässnamen. Bezeichnungen, Funktion und Form römischer Gefäße nach den antiken Schriftquellen, Düsseldorf. Hoffman, A. 1979: "L'architettura", in Pompeii 79: raccolta di studi per il decimonono centenario dell'eruzione vesuviana, F. Zevi, ed., Naples, 97-118. 310
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Doctoral Committee: KITCHENS AND DI
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"This task will become comparativel
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To my parents, Rodney and Susan, fo
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Ault, J. Berry, A. Cubberley and C.
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II. DEFINING COOKING AND DINING ARE
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27. I.7.2-3: Casa di M. Fabius Aman
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Table LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Lengths an
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1.14 Late Republican-early imperial
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2.22 Triple-arched stove sub-type (
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5.8 Detailed microanalysis plan of
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5.44 Casa del pressorio di terracot
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5.79 Casa del Sacerdos Amandus I.7.
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5.113 Casa della Statuetta Indiana
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5.151 Casa I.9.12: view E within di
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INTRODUCTION Sometimes the distance
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scholars (P. Allison, J. Berry) hav
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consumption of meals in Pompeii and
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Where is cooking and eating done? W
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dormice, deer, frogs, snails, and s
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Special foods were commonly linked
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Culinary information Methods for pr
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wooden cupboards; smaller closed ro
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Cooking techniques and instruments
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over a fire built on the ground, wi
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individual spills, and later were u
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sufficiently 'cultured' to belong t
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Our only long literary description
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When is cooking and eating done? Th
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A full, elite dinner traditionally
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himself eat under similar condition
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public as adjuncts to the state. 13
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Eating establishments On a daily ba
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occasion for frequenting taverns. E
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sitting rooms). Static spaces are u
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distinction, because the front of t
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water and fire which were required
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personal beliefs. Only in larger ho
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"Boys" (pueri) here describe childr
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and putting all the utensils in the
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thereby eventual access to a patron
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"Whether the host should arrange th
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We complimented our host on his arr
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CHAPTER II DEFINING COOKING AND DIN
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(I.4, VII.1, IX.1-2) began with the
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they should have been full of pots
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installation are listed below, alon
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to extinguish the living flame. 36
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or testum, see chapter one, p. 19-2
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Culina In an architectural sense, c
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This fourth century A.D. quote is t
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Rustics and Romans of the past are
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(truae) at Pompeii were rarely rout
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Authors constantly complain about s
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Casa dell'Efebo (I.7.10-12). 104 No
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disintegrated, leaving the top surf
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the ashes and coals were raked out,
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cenatio, Dining room. A general ter
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which is normally much smaller on a
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Varro mentions places at home and a
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Roman house, Vitruvius mentions how
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Varro's comments reveal a concern w
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a survey of 73 triclinia from the g
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In the Egyptian hall, the columns t
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all they wanted -- the smarter ones
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Bek succeeds in showing that views
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and exedrae where there is minimal
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Vitruvius stresses the need to make
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mark the division between service a
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ca. 2.12 x 1.10 m., and the small '
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House, Room Address Width Length Ho
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designed to hold dinners, but also
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propatulo) mentioned by Varro as a
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simple quantification and percentag
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numbers (see Table 3.2). At smalles
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"The symbolic contrast between "nob
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formal dining, or benches, tables a
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evidence for suites of upper-floor
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(Work)shop-house I.9.10 ST1 in KI(2
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(Work)shops (Work)shops are the onl
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type (4) (i.e. horseshoe-shaped bur
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skillets, cauldrons, jugs, terracot
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Commercial eating establishments Th
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I.4, the southwest corner of insula
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are always located near an open are
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(Work)shops No securely identifiabl
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Casa media Houses of medium size ha
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were perhaps used by the staff duri
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door that connects to the attached
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Wide doorways framed a visual table
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Commercial eating establishments De
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casa grande could one dining area b
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wares in the same front room as the
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Casa grande Larger buildings contai
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(Work)shop-houses The association o
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itual evidence is either slim or no
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association with food, and as a res
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gods, but once that meal was safely
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was usually at least one dining are
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CHAPTER IV THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIR
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from actually incorporating eating
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or peristyles near dining rooms als
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illustrate this phenomenon with a s
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Owners of larger houses lavished fa
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1. Street address, name of building
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The categories of numeric and descr
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F. Perceptibility 12 Sight perc., K
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Gazetteer, part I: microanalysis 1.
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prepared the food and run the count
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was given a ramped threshold for ad
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Entry prox., DH•(19) to #5: 59.0
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and atria elsewhere in the house. I
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y far the most elaborate, construct
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the N and to the court (n) at the b
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D) Entry prox., HE in (a): 5.5 Entr
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storage niche in the E wall (Fig. 5
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H) Installation amenities, KI (h):
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13. I.4.27, Popina, lunch-counter (
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Scholars generally agree however, t
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snake rises towards the niche on th
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17. I.6.4 Casa del Sacello Iliaco,
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kiln was built half into the ground
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est of the kitchen by an E-W partit
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wall from the cryptoporticus, its f
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DR (h) lost its former function as
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were an iron cooking grill and trip
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one to run the fullery and one to l
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weather by closing off the window w
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21. I.6.10, Taberna, (work)shop (Fi
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Schefold 1957, 25-26; Della Corte 1
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237 suggests that the upper part of
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adoperato per cucina o per dispensa
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I) Decorative amenities, DR•(4):
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References Jashemski 1993, 36, 315;
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insects, efficiently recycling the
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26. I.7.1+20, Casa di P. Paquius Pr
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D) Entry prox., KI (14): 39.8 Entry
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equired. While the dining areas wer
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I) Decorative Amenities, CS in (g):
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Data A) Total area: 85.4 Nodes: 34.
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At the end of the entrance, atrium
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Synthesis DR•(b), with its fine w
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the SW corner of DR◊(4) led to a
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lighting from atrium (A") via passa
Page 288 and 289: the room seems not to have been in
Page 290 and 291: The three masonry dining-couches of
Page 292 and 293: possessed intimate motifs in a Nilo
Page 294 and 295: There are two other kitchens in the
Page 296 and 297: 5.93). Elsewhere in the building, a
Page 298 and 299: and garden; rooms (6, 7) have trace
Page 300 and 301: of a neighboring house to the E was
Page 302 and 303: under the SE corner of DR•(c) cau
Page 304 and 305: The extensive evidence for renovati
Page 306 and 307: ovens. 74 It is not certain whether
Page 308 and 309: Synthesis The design of the dining
Page 310 and 311: peristyle garden (8), in the compan
Page 312 and 313: painting of popular style near the
Page 314 and 315: Data A) Total area: 211.4 Nodes: 78
Page 316 and 317: condition. A photo taken in recent
Page 318 and 319: comm.) reports that the praefurnium
Page 320 and 321: 54. I.9.9, Casa, (work)shop-house (
Page 322 and 323: niched shrine was set in the W wall
Page 324 and 325: (Fig. 5.159). The kitchen was added
Page 326 and 327: collections of amphorae in (20, 34)
Page 328 and 329: 64. I.10.7, Casa del Fabbro, casa m
Page 330 and 331: 66. I.10.9, Taberna di P.C.F., (wor
Page 332 and 333: 70. I.10.18, Casa degli Aufidii, ca
Page 334 and 335: Bek, L. 1983: "Questiones convivale
Page 336 and 337: De Vos, M. 1976: "Scavi nuovi scono
Page 340 and 341: Hudson, N.A. 1989: "Food in Roman s
Page 342 and 343: Maiuri, A. 1954a: Pompeii, Istituto
Page 344 and 345: Pirson, F. 1994: "Rented apartments
Page 346 and 347: Simoons, F.J. 1961: Eat not this fl
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