Post harvest diseases fruits and vegetables - Xavier University ...

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Chemical Control 165
fitness and reproductive capacity of this species compared with P.
digitatum (Holmes and Eckert, 1999).
The antifungal spectrum of imazalil is similar to that of the
benzimidazoles, but it is also active against Alternaria. The fungicide
was also found active against stem-end rots caused by Diplodia
natalensis and Phomopsis citri, although it was less effective than
benomyl (Brown, G.E., 1984); no activity was recorded against sour rot
caused by Geotrichum candidum, Postharvest treatments with imazalil
have also been effective against benzimidazole-resistant isolates of
Colletotrichum, Diplodia and Phomopsis from mango fruits (Spalding,
1982). However, good control of both stem-end rot and anthracnose and
considerably more fruit acceptable for marketing were recorded when
imazalil was applied in hot water at 53°C (Spalding and Reeder, 1986b).
Imazalil inhibits both spore germination and mycelial growth of
Alternaria and suppresses decay development caused by this fungus in
apples, pears, persimmons, tomatoes and bell peppers (Miller et al., 1984;
Prusky and Ben-Arie, 1981; Spalding, 1980). Postharvest treatment of
tomatoes also controls the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea during
storage (Manji and Ogawa, 1985). Imazalil is also effective against the
black rot incited by Ceratocystis paradoxa in pineapple, when applied
within 6 to 12 hours after harvest (Eckert, 1990).
Prochloraz, which also acts by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol,
is an imidazole with a spectrum of activity similar to that of imazalil. It
eradicates initial infections by the two Penicillium species in citrus fruit,
including strains resistant to benomyl and TBZ. Its efficacy in
suppressing the blue and green molds is just as good as that of benomyl
or imazalil (Tuset et al., 1981), and similarly to these fungicides, it also
has a marked antisporulant activity. This fungicide was also effective in
controlling anthracnose and stem-end rot on papayas (Muirhead, 1981a),
and virtually eliminated anthracnose from mango lots with up to 72%
diseased fruit in the untreated control (Knights, 1986). Prochloraz was
found to be efficacious against both Fusarium rots and soft rots caused
by Geotrichum and Rhizopus in muskmelon fruits (Wade and Morris,
1983).
Etaconazole is a triazole with a mode of action similar to that of
imazalil and prochloraz. It controls initial infections of the two species of
Penicillium in citrus fruits, including infections by benzimidazoleresistant
isolates, and it is also characterized by its ability to suppress
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