Post harvest diseases fruits and vegetables - Xavier University ...

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FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE Biological Control 251 A combined strategic approach was elaborated by Eckert (1991), who proposed to control wound-infecting pathogens by a series of treatments: (1) disinfection of the fruit surface and environment; (2) eradication or suppression of fungal spore germination at wound sites by a combination of fungicides; and (3) reduction of wound susceptibility to infection by the addition of biocontrol antagonists which act as protective agents. Since the biocontrol efficiency of the antagonist is enhanced by reduction of the spore concentration of the pathogen in the wound (see Fig. 39), a sanitation program that reduces pathogen contamination in water systems or on the equipment in the packing house may determine the level of success of a biological control program. http://arab2000.forumpro.fr
FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE CHAPTER 12 NOVEL APPROACHES FOR ENHANCING HOST RESISTANCE Synthetic fungicides are currently the primary means used for controlhng postharvest diseases. The resistance developed by postharvest pathogens to some fungicides, and the withdrawal of a number of key fungicides in response to health concerns over pesticide contamination, have stimulated the search for alternative technologies for postharvest disease control. Among the various possible alternative means of control, much attention has been drawn to the wide range of natural substances with antimicrobial activity. Plant- and animal-derived fungicides may offer safe alternatives to synthetic fungicides (Wilson et al., 1994), and the potential use of these antimicrobial agents is discussed in the chapter. Chemical Control - Natural Chemical Compounds. Other alternatives to chemical treatments are the various physical means of suppressing postharvest decay development. These are discussed in the chapters. Means for Maintaining Host Resistance, and Physical Means. The use of antagonistic microorganisms, often isolated from plant surfaces, as biocontrol agents is another alternative and quite promising direction. The chapter on Biological Control is dedicated to this subject. However, many of these treatments may also act as elicitors of enhanced resistance responses in harvested fruits and vegetables (Biles, 1991; Wilson et al., 1994). Fruits and vegetables may defend themselves against pathogen attack or further colonization of the tissue by inducing defense mechanisms in response to initial infection or to various chemical, physical or biological elicitors. These induced defenses are described as active mechanisms, which require host metabolism to function (Keen, 1992). Disease occurs when a potential pathogen not only circumvents the passive defenses, such as the structural barriers or the preformed antimicrobial compounds of the host, but also avoids elicitation of active defense responses in the tissues (Jackson and Taylor, 1996; Hutcheson, 1998). New approaches for controlling postharvest diseases have been based on activation of the natural defense responses induced by the host itself, by modulating them with suitable elicitors, as http://arab2000.forumpro.fr
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