Post harvest diseases fruits and vegetables - Xavier University ...

FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE
Postharvest Disease Summary 283
was evaluated by Coates and Johnson (1993). High-humidity (> 95% RH)
hot air treatment alone (to a core temperature of 46.5°C for 10 min)
reduced the incidence of anthracnose in mangoes stored for 14 days at
13°C prior to ripening at 22°C. A treatment consisting of high-humidity
hot air combined with either a heated fungicide (benomyl) or an
unheated superior fungicide (prochloraz) gave complete control of
anthracnose under these storage conditions. The hot air treatment alone
gave no control of stem-end rot caused by Dothiorella and Lasiodiplodia
in mangoes stored at 13°C prior to ripening. A supplementary hot
fungicide treatment was required for acceptable control of this disease in
cool-stored mangoes. A low level of gamma radiation (1000 Gy), which is
aimed at eradication of fruit fly infestations of mango fruits, improved
the efficacy of hot water against both anthracnose and stem-end rots
(Spalding and Reeder, 1986b). Effective control of postharvest diseases of
mangoes during short-term storage at 20°C was provided by hot
fungicide treatment followed by low-dose irradiation. Satisfactory disease
control during long-term controlled atmosphere storage (5% O2 and
1.5-2% CO2 at 13°C) was achieved when mangoes were treated with
heated and unheated fungicides combined with low-dose irradiation
(Johnson et al., 1990). Irradiation in excess of 600 Gy caused surface
damage in Kensington Pride mangoes, while cultivars Kent and Zill show
more tolerance to irradiation.
A postharvest unheated fungicide application may substantially reduce
the incidence of Alternaria black spot on mangoes (Prusky et al., 1983).
Moreno and Paningbatan (1995) reported on the biocontrol of Diplodia
stem-end rot of mango, by the antagonistic fungus, Trichoderma viride.
The antagonistic activity was enhanced at higher concentrations of the
antagonist and at lower concentrations of the pathogen.
PAPAYA
Similarly to other tropical and subtropical fruits, the major postharvest
diseases of papaya are anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides, and stem-end rots, caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae
or Phomopsis spp. Other fungi may be associated with stem-end rots of
papayas, such as Phoma caricae-papayae and Phytophthora palmivora.
Various surface rots, caused by species of Rhizopus, Fusarium,
Alternaria, Stemphylium and other pathogens, may infect papaya fruits
and reduce their postharvest life.
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