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FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE Chemical Control 179 conidial germination but resulted in extensive stem browning and fruit phytoxicity, which increased with the aldehyde concentration. The degree of inhibition decreased with increasing aldehyde molecular weight. The incidence of P. expansum decay was significantly impacted by aldehyde identity and concentration and by the interaction of the two factors. Since stem quality of sweet cherries is a critical component in the evaluation of fresh fruit quality, the browning which follows aldehyde treatments will limit their commercial use. On the other hand, stem quality is less of a concern for fruits intended for processing, and for this purpose aldehyde fumigation may present an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides. Injuries resulting from acetaldehyde vapors have been reported for various products, such as cultivars of apples (Stadelbacher and Prasad, 1974), strawberries (Prasad and Stadelbacher, 1974), grapes (Pesis and Frenkel, 1989), lettuce (Stewart et al., 1980) and carrot tissue cultures (Perata and Alpi, 1991). Nine out of 16 volatile compounds occurring naturally in peach and plum fruits greatly inhibited spore germination of B. cinerea and Monilinia fructicola (Wilson et al., 1987a). The volatiles most effective in inhibiting spore germination were benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, y-caprolactone and y-valerolactone. Of these, benzaldehyde was active at the lowest concentrations tested and completely inhibited germination of B, cinerea spores at concentrations of 25 |il l^ and germination of M fructicola spores at 125 |il l^. It was clearly shown that the same compounds were effective on both fungi and that the relative inhibition by these compounds was similar against each pathogen. Various volatiles (benzaldehyde, methyl salicylate and ethyl benzoate) have been recorded as growth suppressors. It is of interest to note that while benzaldehyde and methyl salicylate were fungicidal against both pathogens, another volatile, ethyl benzoate was fungicidal against one pathogen (Monilinia) and fungistatic against the other pathogen (Botrytis). The most effective volatiles were found to be active at concentrations that should make them potential fumigants for postharvest disease control (Wilson et al., 1987a). Evaluation of 15 volatile odor compounds, released from raspberries and strawberries during ripening, for their ability to inhibit postharvest decay fungi, showed that five of them inhibited the growth of Alternaria alternata, B, cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides directly on the fruit at 0.4 [il ml-i (Vaughn et al., 1993). Among the five compounds, benzaldehyde was the most toxic to the fungi and completely inhibited http://arab2000.forumpro.fr
FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE 180 Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables cultures of the three fungal species at only 0.04 |il ml-i, while 1-hexanol, E-2-hexenal and 2-nonanone inhibited them at 0.1 |il ml-i and Z-3-hexen-l-ol did not completely suppress growth when applied at
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