Post harvest diseases fruits and vegetables - Xavier University ...

FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE
310 Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables
and Enterobacter cloacae (Pusey and Wilson, 1984; Wilson et al., 1987b).
Bacillus sub tilts has also controlled both brown rot and Alternaria rot in
sweet cherries (Utkhede and Sholberg, 1986). Two species of
Pseudomonas were used to control brown rot in peach and nectarine
fruits (Smilanick et al., 1993), while reduction of brown rot in sweet
cherries was achieved with two epiphytic fungi, Aureobasidium and
Epicoccum (Wittig et al., 1997). The combination of preharvest fungicide
treatment with postharvest yeast application gave a better control of
brown rot in sweet cherries than the fungicide alone, although the yeast
alone did not affect disease development. Combining the double
treatment with modified atmosphere packaging of sweet cherries
resulted in a further increase in decay control and almost eliminated
brown rot during storage (Spotts et al., 1998). The advantage of a
combined biological and chemical control over the single treatments has
been reported also for P. expansum in harvested nectarines (Lurie et al.,
1995). (See the chapter on Biological Control).
III. SOFT FRUITS AND BERRIES
The title applied to this group of fruits by Snowdon (1990) indicates
the complex of fruits involved. They include strawberries and
raspberries, which are not true berries, and blueberries, cranberries and
gooseberries, which are berries that grow on bushes. Snowdon (1990)
added to these grapes and kiwifruits, which are berries that grow on
vines. The fruits in this group are not related botanically but are all
native to the temperate zones. They are all very delicate and should be
treated with great care. Their storage life is greatly shortened by both
physiological and pathological deterioration. However, decay
development is the primary cause of loss in soft fruits, and any treatment
capable of controlling or delaying decay and thus prolonging the storage
life by a few days, is appreciated.
The major postharvest pathogen of fruits in this group is Botrytis
cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold. Species of Mucor and Rhizopus,
the causal organisms of 'leak" disease, are major pathogens of
strawberries and raspberries. Other fungi responsible for postharvest
rots include Colletotrichum spp., which cause anthracnose in
strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and Phytophthora spp., which
initiate leather rot in strawberries (Snowdon, 1990). Alternaria
alternata, which is of minor importance in strawberries and raspberries.
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