Post harvest diseases fruits and vegetables - Xavier University ...

FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE
Postharvest Disease Summary 293
be treated with a wax formulation containing fungicide (Prasad and
Bilgrami, 1973) or dipped in a fungicide solution, which may be heated or
unheated (Scott et al., 1982; Brown, B.I. et al., 1984). The physiological
changes in the natural fruit color can be controlled by packing the fruit
in a plastic film that maintains a high relative humidity around it and
reduces moisture loss (Akamine, 1976), or by altering the pH of the fruit
pericarp (Fuchs et al., 1993).
POME FRUITS
II. POME AND STONE FRUITS
Eckert and Ogawa (1988) divided the major postharvest pathogens of
pome fruits into two groups: (a) those that cause quiescent infections of
lenticels, including Gloeosporium album, G, perennans and Nectria
galligena; and (b) those that preferably enter through wounds after
harvest, including Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia
spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp., Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium
botryosum and Cladosporium herbarum. The rots in the lenticels are
initiated in the orchard in the late summer, in areas with late summer
rainfall and are a major problem in apples grown in the United Kingdom
and Northern Europe (Edney, 1983). In drier apple production areas, the
main problems are caused by wound pathogens that invade the fruit
after harvest through injuries sustained during harvesting and handling
and via puncture wounds, bruised lenticels, etc. In fact, the wound
pathogens are of major importance in all apple and pear production
areas. Other important pathogens of pome fruits are species of
Phytophthora that may become a serious problem during rainy seasons
for fruit from orchards with heavy soils (Edney, 1978), and
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Syn. Gloeosporium fructigenum), the
bitter rot fungus, which is capable of direct penetration of the intact skin
(Brook, 1977), while harvested fruits are infected via injuries.
Botryosphaeria spp., the black and white rot fungi, are of importance in
several areas of the USA (Snowdon, 1990).
Pathogens of minor importance that may occasionally be found on
harvested apples and pears include Stemphylium botryosum,
Cladosporium herbarum, Trichothecium roseum, and species of
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