Post harvest diseases fruits and vegetables - Xavier University ...

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FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE Physical Means 191 (0 c 100.0> 10.0 1.0 0.1 f D M. fmcticoia A B. cinerea O C. herbarum A R. stolonifer • P. expansum -f h- 40 45 50 55 60 Temperature fC) Fig. 30. Survival of spores of Molinilia fructicola, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium expansum after 4 min heat at the indicated temperatures. Reproduced from Sommer et al., 1967 with permission of the American Phytopathological Society. (0 > CO 100 24 42 44 46 48 Temperature ("C) Fig. 31. Heat response curve for Alternaria alternata spores (2 and 4 min heat treatment). Reproduced from Barkai-Golan, 1973 with permission of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union). http://arab2000.forumpro.fr
FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE FREEDOM PALESTINE 192 Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables conidia (Barkai-Golan, 1973) (Fig. 32). Similarly, the LD50 temperature for sporangiospores of Rhizopus stolonifer exposed to hot water for 4 min, was 49°C, whereas that for germinating spores was only 39°C (Eckert and Sommer, 1967). The moisture content of spores before or during exposure to heat can considerably influence heat transfer and spore survival (Edney and Burchill, 1967). Comparisons between the heat sensitivities of moist and dehydrated conidia of Penicillium digitatum revealed that exposure to 70°C for 30 min killed 90% of the moist spore population but only 10% of the dry spore population. Dry spores that survived this treatment were capable of infecting citrus fruit, although the onset of symptoms was delayed 24 hours. The resistance of the dry spores to high temperatures may explain their ability to survive from season to season without losing their pathogenicity to citrus fruit (Barkai-Golan, 1972). Possible mechanisms of pathogen control by heating include: pectic enzyme inactivation or denaturation of other proteins; lipid liberation; destruction of hormones; depletion of food reserves; or metabolic injury, with or without accumulation of toxic intermediates. More than one of these mechanisms may act simultaneously (Barkai-Golan and Philhps, 1991). 2 4 6 Hours at 25°C Fig. 32. Sensitivity to heat (2 min at 42°C or 46T) of freshly harvested and germinating spores of Alternaria alternata. (Reproduced from Barkai-Golan, 1973 with permission of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union). http://arab2000.forumpro.fr
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