The Doctrine of Self-positing and Receptivity in Kant's Late ...

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subject to false critiques, or that there is in fact a valid critique in Schulze‘s work that occupied his mind until the very end. Schulze's attack of Kant's theoretical philosophy is that, despite his intentions, Kant is incapable of providing a convincing account of the possibility of cognition of empirical objects by merely exhibiting that the origin of the possibility of necessary synthetic a priori judgments lies a priori in the mind. For Sculze, the above mentioned problem of the relationship between understanding and sensibility is localized not in a systematic need for a unifying faculty of representation to be found in consciousness (Reinhold). Instead, it results in a skepticism concerning the reach of the validity of cognition of empirical objects that acquires the necessity of its possibility from a mere ―inner source‖ of mental representations and not from outer sensations. Furthermore, Schulze argues that Kant's very acknowledgment of the fact that only appearances can be cognized, and not things in themselves, further supports the skeptic‘s perspective that what Kant claims we can know is no knowledge at all. Schulze's problem with Kant's proof for the possibility of synthetic a priori judgments in the KrV is that the latter assumes that their necessity must originate exclusively a priori in the mind; this is on the basis that it is only under the conditions of synthetic a priori judgments that objective representations are possible at all. In response to this problem, Schulze presents counter examples that he believes put into question this assumption. The first lies in the historicity of human beings and Kant's lack of a proof as to why the origin of the necessity of these a priori conditions could not be said to arise out of this historicity. This perspective thus opens up an alternative where the necessity of synthetic a priori judgments may not only be relative to the impossibility of a subject 90
knower to thin an objective representation in any other way, but also relative to cultural change. In other words, even if it the character of our cognition remains an a priori condition for the possibility of experience at any one historical moment, the source of this character of necessity may nonetheless be a posteriori, grounded on outer cultural and historical conditions. Schulze identifies a second possible source for the necessity of synthetic judgments that Schulze identifies is sensation. For instance, according to him it is not only possible that all knowledge ―has its origin in the efficacy that objects present realiter‖ (i.e., generic empiricism), but also that ―the necessity encountered in certain of its areas is generated by the special manner in which external things occasion cognition in the mind by affecting it.‖ 122 Before the presence of any object, it may be possible to think its absence (as Kant does in the ―Aesthetic‖ with respect to the exhibition of space as form of outer sense), but not cease to have a specific sensation of it. In his words: ―Here we have an actual case, therefore, of objects outside us arousing in the mind by their influence on it a consciousness of necessity, making it impossible to perceive something otherwise than it is perceived.‖ 123 While the singular sensations may be subject to a very specific moment in the presence of any one object, and hence not permanent, for Schulze there is nonetheless a necessity present in this occasion that is common to all perceptual experience. In this way, external objects could generate 122 Schulze, Gottlob Ernst. ―Aenesidemus.‖ In: Between Kant and Hegel: Texts in the Development of Post-Kantian Idealism, ed and trans. George Di Giovanni and H. S. Harris. Revised Edition. Hackett Publishing Co. Indianapolis/Cambridge, 2000, 142-3. 123 Ibid., 144. 91
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The Doctrine of Self-positing and R
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Abstract of the Dissertation The Do
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Contents Abbreviations vi Preface v
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Preface The interest in the Opus po
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Acknowledgments I am in the debt of
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Introduction The Selbstsetzungslehr
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of receptivity‖ reveals also the
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enables thinkers in the twenty firs
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form of ―principles of synthesis
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a transition that has its own ―sp
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the English language literature tha
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his account was circular. As Först
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fascicle written by Kant between 18
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the doctrine of self-positing attem
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preemptively with this retrospectiv
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meaning of its particular relations
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ii. a. Ontological Proof In its com
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ecause the only operative rule for
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In the context of the BDG, the natu
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3. It is unconditionally impossible
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. We know that a condition for inne
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Realerklährung - an explanation of
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ii. b. Setzung‘s Function as Posi
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Negation can also result from chang
Page 49 and 50: ii. Kritik der reinen Vernunft ii.
Page 51 and 52: foreclosed. This is precisely what
Page 53 and 54: none of this is particularly new. N
Page 55 and 56: elations of thoroughgoing determina
Page 57 and 58: that exhibits it must share in the
Page 59 and 60: of this ideal and its final personi
Page 61 and 62: it perceives only its effects. In a
Page 63 and 64: category causality in the second an
Page 65 and 66: Just as time functions as the form
Page 67 and 68: spontaneous nature. Or perhaps it r
Page 69 and 70: points to the fact that in the act
Page 71 and 72: latter (as for the other dynamical
Page 73 and 74: unity is expressed. In the second a
Page 75 and 76: Kant‘s new transcendental idealis
Page 77 and 78: idealize what can be claimed to be.
Page 79 and 80: The structure in the schematic of t
Page 81 and 82: critical model entails thus the sub
Page 83 and 84: continuous reiteration of the most
Page 85 and 86: [machen] of experience with the sou
Page 87 and 88: and not actuality. 103 These fields
Page 89 and 90: functions as ground to a universal
Page 91 and 92: appearance, phenomenon, and noumeno
Page 93 and 94: Handschrift, when he writes: The mi
Page 95 and 96: thought. While the spirit of the cr
Page 97 and 98: faculties of representation in ligh
Page 99: particularly in their presence, uni
Page 103 and 104: doctrine, the name is oftentimes qu
Page 105 and 106: to intuition. This status brings to
Page 107 and 108: Chapter Three: The Analytic Level 1
Page 109 and 110: ―Paralogisms‖ section. 136 Desp
Page 111 and 112: the Selbstsetzungslehre. In this re
Page 113 and 114: Not being able to be thought by the
Page 115 and 116: This connection between the single
Page 117 and 118: it concerns the possibility of the
Page 119 and 120: perspective of its relation to the
Page 121 and 122: apperception and b) the synthetic o
Page 123 and 124: and the section ―On the Paralogis
Page 125 and 126: synthetic determination of its intu
Page 127 and 128: on the possibility of attaching the
Page 129 and 130: distinguished from this ―I‖). 1
Page 131 and 132: object. 177 The consciousness of my
Page 133 and 134: doctrine. One finds, in fact, that
Page 135 and 136: perspective, contained analytically
Page 137 and 138: an inference: [...] 186 The first s
Page 139 and 140: this follows from the fact that for
Page 141 and 142: feeling can be said to be a form of
Page 143 and 144: that of which we are conscious as o
Page 145 and 146: true, the nature of intuition concr
Page 147 and 148: This formulation of the ―I am‖
Page 149 and 150: Chapter Four: The Ontological Level
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of identity, the analytic containme
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there Kant nevertheless asks: ―An
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objectification and ―I am‖ as V
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The first synthetic act of consciou
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introducing a different field of de
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where the earlier indeterminate emp
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What is given first to the power of
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epresentation that was given prior
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outside itself, which it can then d
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ground that can accommodate the exp
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These passages by no means say the
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sensible‖ (as Deleuze would phras
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schematization. What that is like w
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from which the ―I think‖ gains
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The path taken to arrive at a basic
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As seen in chapter four, the relati
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In so far as the Selbstsetzungslehr
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MAN that, indeed, no science unders
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medical doctors, educators, and phy
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the grounding of the human sciences
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______ ―Metaphysical Foundations
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S. Harris. Revised Edition. Indiana
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Critique of Pure Reason. Chicago, U
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