The Doctrine of Self-positing and Receptivity in Kant's Late ...

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Descartes‘ notion of thinking includes ―feeling‖ and ―intuition.‖ When it comes to feeling, Descartes includes within the nature of thought itself what for Kant would be in part relegated to the faculty of sensibility. In other words, since within the Cartesian paradigm the feeling of walking both has content and takes place in time, it already implies elements other than pure thought. Moreover, when it comes to intuition, which for Descartes is both immediate and simultaneous, this too cannot be included as a form of thinking within Kant‘s critical stance. Like feeling, in Descartes account the act of intuition that is the foundation of any propositional expression of the truth that ―I am,‖ takes place in time—even if not successive in nature. In addition, while for Kant thinking is spontaneous, this activity of the mind is limited to a synthetic function of unity that is always already mediated by concepts and judgments as its tools. There is no possibility in Kant critical philosophy for immediacy in pure thought. Thus, regardless of the ontological status of the ―I,‖ their proofs are thus far irreconcilable from within this first level of the structure of the doctrine of self-positing. Descartes notion of thinking contains elements excluded from the level of apperception alone. i. e. ―I am‖ is a Verbum ―I am‖ is the logical act which precedes all representation of the Object; it is a verbum by which I posit myself. 199 199 Ak: 22:85. Förster, 191. Original: ―Ich bin is der logischer Act der vor aller Vorstellung des Objects vorhergeht. (Das sum) ist ein Verbum wodurch ich mich selbst setze.‖ 136
This formulation of the ―I am‖ or Sum is one of the most striking moments in the Selbstsetzungslehre. One of the immediate observations is that such a new formulation, which appears several times as well as implied within other formulations, indicates a shift in Kant‘s attention: from the ―I think‖ to the ―I am.‖ If one goes back to all the quoted passages in this chapter, it is possible to note that the latter expression is hardly used; the preference is to comment upon the self of self-consciousness, either as act, Object, existence (qua thinking). Within the context of a doctrine of self-positing, moreover, it is not surprising that the theoretical interest would lie in the ―subject‖ of all possible judgment rather than the proposition by which its identification is made possible. Nonetheless, what matters the most is that with the perspectival shift, Kant identifies sum explicitly with a word the meaning of which is the medium by which action is designated in the structure of almost any sentence. The question, of course, is whether the emphasis on the ―I‖ and its identification with Verbum, is the symptom of some fundamental changes between his earlier work and the Selbstsetzungslehre. The change is not in Kant‘s philosophical position, but rather the perspective from which that position is being presented and thought. The shift away from the use of a propositional structure to what can be described as ―apperceptive act‖ 200 or, (anticipating the following chapters) the shift away from references to ―faculties‖ of the subject to a discourse of actions (e.g., spontaneity, receptivity, affecting, making) or ―events‖ (e.g., affection, sight) indicates a shift in the modality of that of which he is accounting. The doctrine is grounded on modality. The doctrine begins from actuality, 200 ―Ein appezeptiver Akt der Selbstobjectivierung.‖ Rescher, Nicholas. In Sixth International Kant Congress at the Pennsylvania State University, 1985. ed. G. Funke and Th. M. Seebohm. University Press of America, 1991, 97. 137
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The Doctrine of Self-positing and R
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Abstract of the Dissertation The Do
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Contents Abbreviations vi Preface v
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Preface The interest in the Opus po
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Acknowledgments I am in the debt of
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Introduction The Selbstsetzungslehr
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of receptivity‖ reveals also the
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enables thinkers in the twenty firs
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form of ―principles of synthesis
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a transition that has its own ―sp
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the English language literature tha
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his account was circular. As Först
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fascicle written by Kant between 18
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the doctrine of self-positing attem
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preemptively with this retrospectiv
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meaning of its particular relations
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ii. a. Ontological Proof In its com
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ecause the only operative rule for
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In the context of the BDG, the natu
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3. It is unconditionally impossible
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. We know that a condition for inne
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Realerklährung - an explanation of
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ii. b. Setzung‘s Function as Posi
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Negation can also result from chang
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ii. Kritik der reinen Vernunft ii.
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foreclosed. This is precisely what
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none of this is particularly new. N
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elations of thoroughgoing determina
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that exhibits it must share in the
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of this ideal and its final personi
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it perceives only its effects. In a
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category causality in the second an
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Just as time functions as the form
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spontaneous nature. Or perhaps it r
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points to the fact that in the act
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latter (as for the other dynamical
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unity is expressed. In the second a
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Kant‘s new transcendental idealis
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idealize what can be claimed to be.
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The structure in the schematic of t
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critical model entails thus the sub
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continuous reiteration of the most
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[machen] of experience with the sou
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and not actuality. 103 These fields
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functions as ground to a universal
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appearance, phenomenon, and noumeno
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Handschrift, when he writes: The mi
Page 95 and 96: thought. While the spirit of the cr
Page 97 and 98: faculties of representation in ligh
Page 99 and 100: particularly in their presence, uni
Page 101 and 102: knower to thin an objective represe
Page 103 and 104: doctrine, the name is oftentimes qu
Page 105 and 106: to intuition. This status brings to
Page 107 and 108: Chapter Three: The Analytic Level 1
Page 109 and 110: ―Paralogisms‖ section. 136 Desp
Page 111 and 112: the Selbstsetzungslehre. In this re
Page 113 and 114: Not being able to be thought by the
Page 115 and 116: This connection between the single
Page 117 and 118: it concerns the possibility of the
Page 119 and 120: perspective of its relation to the
Page 121 and 122: apperception and b) the synthetic o
Page 123 and 124: and the section ―On the Paralogis
Page 125 and 126: synthetic determination of its intu
Page 127 and 128: on the possibility of attaching the
Page 129 and 130: distinguished from this ―I‖). 1
Page 131 and 132: object. 177 The consciousness of my
Page 133 and 134: doctrine. One finds, in fact, that
Page 135 and 136: perspective, contained analytically
Page 137 and 138: an inference: [...] 186 The first s
Page 139 and 140: this follows from the fact that for
Page 141 and 142: feeling can be said to be a form of
Page 143 and 144: that of which we are conscious as o
Page 145: true, the nature of intuition concr
Page 149 and 150: Chapter Four: The Ontological Level
Page 151 and 152: of identity, the analytic containme
Page 153 and 154: there Kant nevertheless asks: ―An
Page 155 and 156: objectification and ―I am‖ as V
Page 157 and 158: The first synthetic act of consciou
Page 159 and 160: introducing a different field of de
Page 161 and 162: where the earlier indeterminate emp
Page 163 and 164: What is given first to the power of
Page 165 and 166: epresentation that was given prior
Page 167 and 168: outside itself, which it can then d
Page 169 and 170: ground that can accommodate the exp
Page 171 and 172: These passages by no means say the
Page 173 and 174: sensible‖ (as Deleuze would phras
Page 175 and 176: schematization. What that is like w
Page 177 and 178: from which the ―I think‖ gains
Page 179 and 180: The path taken to arrive at a basic
Page 181 and 182: As seen in chapter four, the relati
Page 183 and 184: In so far as the Selbstsetzungslehr
Page 185 and 186: MAN that, indeed, no science unders
Page 187 and 188: medical doctors, educators, and phy
Page 189 and 190: the grounding of the human sciences
Page 191 and 192: ______ ―Metaphysical Foundations
Page 193 and 194: S. Harris. Revised Edition. Indiana
Page 195 and 196: Critique of Pure Reason. Chicago, U
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