The Doctrine of Self-positing and Receptivity in Kant's Late ...

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From the perspective of space alone, Kant describes this possibility in a refutation of idealism that is known as the Leningrad Reflection. There, Kant argues that not only is space a form of outer intuition as shown in the KrV, but also that it cannot be the mere result of a representation created in the mind – that is to say, a temporal one. For if that were the case, then one could argue that there is no such thing as an outer sense to begin with. It could all be just a fantasy, or creation of the imagination, or dream. According to Kant, this cannot be the case because given that one of the distinct characteristics of space is that it is three dimensional, this idea of three dimensionality could never itself originate in time – the form of inner sense. For time not only depends on spatial representations or outer objects for its determination (i.e., representation), but it is also only pure succession, which forecloses the possibility of it being the source or field of determinability for the very idea of a three dimensional figure or entity. As a result, the subject is shown to not only be the source of space as the form of all possible outer intuition inheres in it, but also that it must always already have an outer sense, that is, exteriority. This exteriority, which must be a representation for it to be something to a conscious subject is what can be called an ―object‖ – as in the ―Aesthetic,‖ as mentioned above. All of this implies that the subject has space as an a priori form of outer sense, can represent space as an object exterior to it that is nothing other than the extension of the whole of outer experience, and is always already located in space as well. Hence, the subject can be said to ―be‖ space and be ―in‖ space at once. There is a field of determinability that is the subject itself and upon which the subject can determine itself in spatial community with all other material bodies. By positing itself as formal space, then, the subject makes it possible for material to be given to it from 156
outside itself, which it can then determine as objects of cognition. Space and its content is now ―capable of being given‖ (dabile) to the subject for its determination (cognitio). iii. c. Material Field of Determinability The subject posits itself by means of the imagination and simultaneously inserts itself into the very field of determinability that they open for the subject knower. As already seen in the discussion of the subject‘s positing itself through space, with this particular instance of self-affection there arises a tension as to the role that the body plays as condition for its possibility. Once the subject is recognized as both the genetic origin as well as that which must necessarily have a location in that object of intuition, the question of the materiality of the subject as a source of a real limitation in that space arises. In the Op‘s original concern with the possibility of giving a metaphysical foundation to physics in order to secure its status as a science – one whose cognition is empirical –, Kant turns his philosophical interests towards the material dimension of actual experience. As a result, he turns also towards his conception of the subject‘s outer sense as the field in which this material of cognition ―takes place.‖ This material – a dynamic field of forces – is simultaneously also conceived as physical matter as the Sache an sich selbst (of immediate concern to the physicist). While in this dissertation the complete transition between this early part of the project represented in the Op and the late Selbstsetzungslehre has not been treated in itself, it is still possible to infer, from the content of the latter, that Kant returns to the basic elements of his transcendental philosophy and as he does this he situates the problematic of the material of experience in 157
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The Doctrine of Self-positing and R
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Abstract of the Dissertation The Do
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Contents Abbreviations vi Preface v
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Preface The interest in the Opus po
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Acknowledgments I am in the debt of
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Introduction The Selbstsetzungslehr
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of receptivity‖ reveals also the
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enables thinkers in the twenty firs
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form of ―principles of synthesis
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a transition that has its own ―sp
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the English language literature tha
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his account was circular. As Först
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fascicle written by Kant between 18
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the doctrine of self-positing attem
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preemptively with this retrospectiv
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meaning of its particular relations
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ii. a. Ontological Proof In its com
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ecause the only operative rule for
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In the context of the BDG, the natu
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3. It is unconditionally impossible
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. We know that a condition for inne
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Realerklährung - an explanation of
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ii. b. Setzung‘s Function as Posi
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Negation can also result from chang
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ii. Kritik der reinen Vernunft ii.
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foreclosed. This is precisely what
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none of this is particularly new. N
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elations of thoroughgoing determina
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that exhibits it must share in the
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of this ideal and its final personi
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it perceives only its effects. In a
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category causality in the second an
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Just as time functions as the form
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spontaneous nature. Or perhaps it r
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points to the fact that in the act
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latter (as for the other dynamical
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unity is expressed. In the second a
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Kant‘s new transcendental idealis
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idealize what can be claimed to be.
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The structure in the schematic of t
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critical model entails thus the sub
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continuous reiteration of the most
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[machen] of experience with the sou
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and not actuality. 103 These fields
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functions as ground to a universal
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appearance, phenomenon, and noumeno
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Handschrift, when he writes: The mi
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thought. While the spirit of the cr
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faculties of representation in ligh
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particularly in their presence, uni
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knower to thin an objective represe
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doctrine, the name is oftentimes qu
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to intuition. This status brings to
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Chapter Three: The Analytic Level 1
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―Paralogisms‖ section. 136 Desp
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the Selbstsetzungslehre. In this re
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Not being able to be thought by the
Page 115 and 116: This connection between the single
Page 117 and 118: it concerns the possibility of the
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Page 121 and 122: apperception and b) the synthetic o
Page 123 and 124: and the section ―On the Paralogis
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Page 127 and 128: on the possibility of attaching the
Page 129 and 130: distinguished from this ―I‖). 1
Page 131 and 132: object. 177 The consciousness of my
Page 133 and 134: doctrine. One finds, in fact, that
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Page 147 and 148: This formulation of the ―I am‖
Page 149 and 150: Chapter Four: The Ontological Level
Page 151 and 152: of identity, the analytic containme
Page 153 and 154: there Kant nevertheless asks: ―An
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Page 157 and 158: The first synthetic act of consciou
Page 159 and 160: introducing a different field of de
Page 161 and 162: where the earlier indeterminate emp
Page 163 and 164: What is given first to the power of
Page 165: epresentation that was given prior
Page 169 and 170: ground that can accommodate the exp
Page 171 and 172: These passages by no means say the
Page 173 and 174: sensible‖ (as Deleuze would phras
Page 175 and 176: schematization. What that is like w
Page 177 and 178: from which the ―I think‖ gains
Page 179 and 180: The path taken to arrive at a basic
Page 181 and 182: As seen in chapter four, the relati
Page 183 and 184: In so far as the Selbstsetzungslehr
Page 185 and 186: MAN that, indeed, no science unders
Page 187 and 188: medical doctors, educators, and phy
Page 189 and 190: the grounding of the human sciences
Page 191 and 192: ______ ―Metaphysical Foundations
Page 193 and 194: S. Harris. Revised Edition. Indiana
Page 195 and 196: Critique of Pure Reason. Chicago, U
Page 197: 187
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