Appendix D - Dossier (PDF) - Tera

date: 20–JUL–2005
1. General Information Substance ID: 71–43–2
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13–DEC–1996
Remark: Based on extensive studies in the USA, it appears that
facilities manufacturing chemicals, drinking water, food and
beverages, and petroleum refining operations play only a
minimal role in the total exposure of the general population
to benzene.
Benzene is released into the UK environment as a result of
its production and of oil refining processes in general, its
use as a chemical intermediate (production of ethyl benzene,
cyclohexane, phenol etc.), its presence in gasoline and the
combustion of fossil fuels.
Studies in UK, Canada, Germany and USA estimate the relative
contributions of these sources to be:
Vehicle emissions 79–85 %
Petrol distribution 2–6 %
Chemical industry 4–14 %
Petroleum refineries 1 %
Fossil fuel burning 2–5 %
Germany: In 1986, an extensive investigation programme on
aromatic emissions from gasoline–powered cars was conducted
by TUEV–Rheinland as part of a research project from
DGMK/FVV/UBA. These measurements provide a good basis for
more accurate estimates of car exhaust gas emission in the
FRG. Using these results UBA estimated the total benzene
emission from combustion engine driven vehicles, including
diesel vehicles and motorcycles to be 42,000 t/a.
Source: Deutsche Shell Chemie GmbH Eschborn
03–AUG–2000 (95) (828) (1223)
Country: Italy
Remark: Benzene is used in three sites in Italy in alkylation
processes to produce linear alkylbenzene in close system.
Source: ENICHEM AUGUSTA INDUSTRIALE Srl Milan
13–DEC–1996
Remark: Benzene enters the environment from production, storage,
transport, venting, and combustion of gasoline; and from
production, storage, and transport of benzene itself. Other
sources result from its use as an intermediate in the
production of other chemicals, and as a solvent.. from its
indirect production in coke, from nonferrous metal
manufacture, ore mining, wood processing, coal mining and
textile manufacture, from cigarette smoke..
manufacturing methods:
process from coal tar distillation
manufacturing methods:
Process high temperature carbonisation of coal to coke
Manufacturing methods: process petroleum–derived by
catalytic reforming or by cracking of parafines
Source: ENICHEM SYNTHESIS S.p.A. MILANO
13–DEC–1996 (551)
Appendix D: Benzene SIDS Dossier
– 49/957 –