Appendix D - Dossier (PDF) - Tera

date: 20–JUL–2005
5. Toxicity Substance ID: 71–43–2
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Result: Wallace & Pellizari (1986) have measured benzene air
concentrations in homes of smokers and non–smokers. During
fall and winter, mean benzene air levels were 16 and 9.2
µg/m³ in homes of smokers and non–smokers, respectively.
The difference between both air values (about 7 µg/m³) can
be considered as contribution of smoking to the air
concentration of benzene in a non–smoker house. Thus, this
concentration resulting from smoking has been taken into
account for exposure estimates for non–smoking people
(passive smokers). In spring and summer, the respective
concentrations were 4.8 µg/m³ (smokers) and 4.4 µg/m³
(non–smokers). The authors do not specify the variation of
the data. For passive smokers, it is assumed that exposure
duration is 24 hours (worst case) as a non–smoking family
member.
Source: German Rapporteur
Flag: Risk Assessment
07–JUL–2005 (1226)
Result: The estimate of benzene exposure by passive smoking is in
agreement with the uptake of 30 µg per day which has been
given by Eikmann et al. (2000). However, taking into
consideration, that the air concentrations measured by
Wallace & Pellizari (1986) are mean values, these estimates
do not characterize extremes of exposures. A comparison
with concentrations of benzene in blood of smokers shows
high variabiliy with a range from < 60 up to 950 ng/l (95th
percentile: 850 ng/ml). It must therefore be assumed, that
exposure to benzene may exceed the estimated values
considerably.
Source: German Rapporteur
Flag: Risk Assessment
07–JUL–2005 (326)
Result: It is reported by CONCAWE (2000) that at filling stations
the average benzene concentration during a three minutes
car refuelling is 0.8–1.0 mg/m³. According to exposure data
during gasoline refuelling the overall arithmetic mean
concentration for benzene in the integrated samples (n = 8)
were 0.90 mg/m³ with gasoline containing less than 1%
benzene.
Source: German Rapporteur
Flag: Risk Assessment
07–JUL–2005 (234)
Result: A data set consisted of 8 integrated samples covering each
approximately 20 refuellings for a total of 167 operations
(Vainiotalo et al., 1999; addendum September 11, 2002). For
risk characterisation the maximum value of this data set of
1.3 mg/m³ will be selected. Higher concentrations of 4.3
mg/m³ have been given by Vainiotalo et al. (1999) from a
previous study during 1984–1985 in which the average
benzene content of gasoline was reported to be 4% (w/w).
Appendix D: Benzene SIDS Dossier
– 666/957 –