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Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...

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Sesiones parale<strong>la</strong>s / Parall<strong>el</strong> sessionssituation that during the same period of time was experi<strong>en</strong>ced principally by otherLatin American, Asiatic and African countries, whose inhabitants fought and resistedhard in the occupied urban spaces with the aim of access to a dw<strong>el</strong>ling.ROMERO, María AgustinaLa comunidad gitana jujeña <strong>en</strong>tre <strong>la</strong> <strong>oral</strong>idad y <strong>la</strong> escrituraEl pres<strong>en</strong>te trabajo se <strong>en</strong>marca <strong>en</strong> un proyecto <strong>de</strong> tesis doct<strong>oral</strong> más amplio quese <strong>en</strong>cu<strong>en</strong>tra <strong>en</strong> su etapa <strong>de</strong> campo y por tanto apuntamos a <strong>la</strong> revisión <strong>de</strong> losobjetivos <strong>de</strong> investigación, algunas preguntas c<strong>en</strong>trales que guían <strong>el</strong> proyecto y<strong>la</strong>s conclusiones parciales.San Salvador <strong>de</strong> Jujuy reúne heterogéneos grupos sociales y comunida<strong>de</strong>s condiversos refer<strong>en</strong>tes étnicos-culturales, <strong>en</strong>tre <strong>el</strong>los se cu<strong>en</strong>ta con <strong>la</strong> pres<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong><strong>la</strong> comunidad gitana. Una <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s razones <strong>de</strong> esta conviv<strong>en</strong>cia variada se <strong>de</strong>be aque <strong>la</strong> provincia es zona <strong>de</strong> frontera.Para <strong>el</strong> caso <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> comunidad gitana jujeña pres<strong>en</strong>ta <strong>la</strong> particu<strong>la</strong>ridad (aspectocompartido por otros tantos grupos) <strong>de</strong> ser fuertem<strong>en</strong>te <strong>oral</strong>. La alfabetizacióny <strong>el</strong> apr<strong>en</strong>dizaje <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> l<strong>en</strong>gua consi<strong>de</strong>rada “extranjera” –<strong>la</strong> que es propia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> culturalocal <strong>de</strong>l lugar <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> que ésta comunidad se insta<strong>la</strong>- son débiles: los gitanosconoc<strong>en</strong> y ejercitan escasam<strong>en</strong>te <strong>la</strong> escritura <strong>en</strong> l<strong>en</strong>gua cast<strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong>na.En este contexto es que nos interesa conocer y compr<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r <strong>la</strong> incorporación <strong>de</strong><strong>la</strong> escritura <strong>en</strong> este grupo, como así también cuáles son <strong>la</strong>s características culturalesespecíficas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> comunidad gitana <strong>de</strong> Jujuy <strong>en</strong> re<strong>la</strong>ción con <strong>la</strong> <strong>oral</strong>idadcomo rasgo i<strong>de</strong>ntitario.La particu<strong>la</strong>ridad <strong>de</strong>l caso está dada por una doble <strong>en</strong>trada a <strong>la</strong> <strong>oral</strong>idad, éstaúltima no sólo constituye <strong>el</strong> objeto <strong>de</strong> estudio sino que a<strong>de</strong>más se torna <strong>la</strong> únicaherrami<strong>en</strong>ta para <strong>la</strong> reconstrucción histórica <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> comunidad. <strong>Los</strong> datos e informaciónescritos acerca <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> comunidad son prácticam<strong>en</strong>te inexist<strong>en</strong>tes, y es <strong>en</strong>este s<strong>en</strong>tido que <strong>la</strong> protagonista es <strong>la</strong> voz <strong>de</strong> los propios actores.VÁSQUEZ GRUESO, Al<strong>de</strong>baránCuéntame m<strong>el</strong>ómano: re<strong>la</strong>to <strong>de</strong> tres coleccionistas <strong>de</strong>música <strong>en</strong> Cali, Colombia, 1980-2000El pres<strong>en</strong>te texto aborda <strong>el</strong> re<strong>la</strong>to <strong>de</strong> tres m<strong>el</strong>ómanos <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> ciudad <strong>de</strong> Santiago<strong>de</strong> Cali, ubicada al sur occi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong> Colombia, <strong>en</strong>tre los años 1980-2000. La<strong>oral</strong>idad conduce a respon<strong>de</strong>r <strong>la</strong> pregunta c<strong>en</strong>tral <strong>de</strong>l texto: ¿cómo ha sido <strong>la</strong>re<strong>la</strong>ción <strong>de</strong> tres m<strong>el</strong>ómanos resi<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>en</strong> Cali, Colombia, <strong>en</strong>tre los años 1980-2000, con <strong>la</strong> música grabada (<strong>el</strong> disco) y los sitios don<strong>de</strong> escuchan música? Pormedio <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s <strong>en</strong>trevistas realizadas es posible <strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r <strong>la</strong>s particu<strong>la</strong>rida<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong>l sujeto m<strong>el</strong>ómano, gustos y lugares don<strong>de</strong> se escucha <strong>la</strong> música, formas <strong>de</strong>re<strong>la</strong>cionarse, actuaciones fr<strong>en</strong>te a <strong>la</strong> música, ritualización <strong>de</strong>l disco, así como<strong>la</strong>s maneras <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>s cuales <strong>el</strong> sujeto crea su i<strong>de</strong>ntidad.En cuanto a <strong>la</strong> ubicación bibliográfica <strong>de</strong> este tema, pres<strong>en</strong>te históricam<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong>los fines <strong>de</strong>l <strong>siglo</strong> XIX y los inicios <strong>de</strong>l XX como resultado <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> mecanización <strong>de</strong>l sonidoy posterior creación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> industria cultural, es poco lo hal<strong>la</strong>do <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong>.La música <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> sociedad masiva ha merecido un análisis por parte <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> sociología y<strong>la</strong> filosofía <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> música, que <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> sus miradas permit<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r como nace nuestrom<strong>el</strong>ómano, razón por <strong>la</strong> cual se hace un diálogo con estas disciplinas.T<strong>el</strong>l me music lover: the story of music collectors in Cali, Colombia, 1980-2000This article discusses the story of three music lovers in the city of Santiago <strong>de</strong>Cali, south west of Colombia, betwe<strong>en</strong> 1980-2000. Orality leads to answeringthe c<strong>en</strong>tral question of the text: how was the re<strong>la</strong>tionship of three music loversliving in Cali, Colombia, betwe<strong>en</strong> 1980-2000, with recor<strong>de</strong>d music (the album)and list<strong>en</strong> to music sites? Through interviews it is possible to un<strong>de</strong>rstand theparticu<strong>la</strong>rities of individual music lover, likes and p<strong>la</strong>ces where you can hearthe music, ways of re<strong>la</strong>ting, face the music performances, ritualization of thedisk, and the ways in which the subject creates its i<strong>de</strong>ntity.As for the location of the subject literature, this historically from the <strong>la</strong>te ninete<strong>en</strong>thand early tw<strong>en</strong>tieth c<strong>en</strong>turies as a result of mechanization of sound andsubsequ<strong>en</strong>t creation of the cultural industry, little is found from the story. Themusic in society has received a massive analysis of the sociology and philosophyof music, since their eyes allow us to un<strong>de</strong>rstand how born music lover,why is a dialogue with these disciplines.WANDERLEY, H<strong>el</strong>mara Gicc<strong>el</strong>li FormigaOral History, Memory and the city: practices and repres<strong>en</strong>tationsabout the mo<strong>de</strong>rn in Pombal City, Paraiba– BrazilThis paper int<strong>en</strong>ds to analyze the urbanization process occurred in the City ofPombal in the Alto Sertão of Paraíba (the interior of the state), Brazil, as w<strong>el</strong>l asthe formation of new s<strong>en</strong>sibilities and subjectivity and the t<strong>en</strong>sions that markedthe inhabitants life of this town in the period betwe<strong>en</strong> 1927 and 1959. Weaim to un<strong>de</strong>rstand how the literate and economic <strong>el</strong>ites of that urban p<strong>la</strong>ceand the lower society c<strong>la</strong>ss appropriate of the mo<strong>de</strong>rnized discourse in effectin the period, and how they experi<strong>en</strong>ced the material and symbolic changeswhich the town was going through in that mom<strong>en</strong>t. We also int<strong>en</strong>d to showsome of the diversion practices, such as movies, r<strong>el</strong>igious or secu<strong>la</strong>r festivalswhich marked the everyday of the Pombal citiz<strong>en</strong>s of the several social c<strong>la</strong>sses.Firstly, we will begin with the mo<strong>de</strong>rnity and mo<strong>de</strong>rnization concepts, un<strong>de</strong>rstandingthe first term as the process of urbanistic remo<strong>de</strong>ling, typical inEuropean Capitals, occurred in the XIX c<strong>en</strong>tury, especially in Paris and Londonand that characterized its<strong>el</strong>f by the speed in the imp<strong>la</strong>ntation of some materialconquests. In what is re<strong>la</strong>ted to the second term, we know as the introductionof some <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>ts mo<strong>de</strong>rn, which arrived slowly to the city of Pombal <strong>de</strong>voidof fr<strong>en</strong>zied rhythm typical from the referred capitals, changed the s<strong>en</strong>sitivityof those people. Finally, we int<strong>en</strong>d to show the uses and practices, but alsosome repres<strong>en</strong>tations that the Pombal citiz<strong>en</strong>s built to the town in the mom<strong>en</strong>twhich it problematised its<strong>el</strong>f. As theoretical-methodological bases, we approachedthe concepts of practices and repres<strong>en</strong>tations from Roger Chartier,uses and inv<strong>en</strong>tions from Mich<strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong> Certeau and s<strong>en</strong>sitivities from Mary St<strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong>Brescianni. To catch our goals we used the Methodology of <strong>oral</strong> history, officialdocum<strong>en</strong>tation, as w<strong>el</strong>l as theiconography existed about the subject.Este trabajo pret<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong> analizar <strong>el</strong> proceso <strong>de</strong> urbanización ocurrido <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> ciudad<strong>de</strong> Pombal, <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> Alto Sertón <strong>de</strong> Paraíba, Brasil, así como <strong>la</strong> formación <strong>de</strong>nuevas s<strong>en</strong>sibilida<strong>de</strong>s y subjetivida<strong>de</strong>s y <strong>la</strong>s t<strong>en</strong>siones que marcaron <strong>la</strong> vida<strong>de</strong> los habitantes <strong>de</strong> esta ciudad durante <strong>el</strong> período compr<strong>en</strong>dido <strong>en</strong>tre 1927y 1959. Nuestro objetivo es compr<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r como <strong>la</strong>s <strong>el</strong>ites letradas y económicas<strong>de</strong> aqu<strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong> ciudad y los popu<strong>la</strong>res se apropiaron <strong>de</strong> los discursos <strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rnizaciónexist<strong>en</strong>te <strong>en</strong> ese mom<strong>en</strong>to, y cómo experim<strong>en</strong>taron los cambiosmateriales y simbólicos que pasaba <strong>la</strong> ciudad <strong>en</strong> aqu<strong>el</strong> mom<strong>en</strong>to. También<strong>de</strong>seamos mostrar algunas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s prácticas <strong>de</strong> diversión, tales como cines, <strong>la</strong>sc<strong>el</strong>ebraciones r<strong>el</strong>igiosas o profanas, que han marcado <strong>la</strong> rutina <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> pob<strong>la</strong>ciónpombal<strong>en</strong>ses <strong>de</strong> difer<strong>en</strong>tes c<strong>la</strong>ses sociales. Inicialm<strong>en</strong>te discutiremos <strong>el</strong>concepto <strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rnidad y mo<strong>de</strong>rnización, compr<strong>en</strong>di<strong>en</strong>do <strong>el</strong> primer término,como <strong>el</strong> proceso <strong>de</strong> remo<strong>de</strong><strong>la</strong>ción urbana típica <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s capitales europeas, quese produjeron <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> <strong>siglo</strong> XIX, especialm<strong>en</strong>te <strong>en</strong> París y Londres, que se caracterizapor <strong>la</strong> v<strong>el</strong>ocidad <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> implem<strong>en</strong>tación <strong>de</strong> algunos b<strong>en</strong>eficios materiales.Lo que respecta al segundo término, nos referimos a <strong>la</strong> introducción <strong>de</strong>algunos <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>tos mo<strong>de</strong>rnos, que poco a poco llegaron a <strong>la</strong> ciudad <strong>de</strong> Pombalcareci<strong>en</strong>do <strong>de</strong>l ritmo fr<strong>en</strong>ético típico <strong>de</strong> dichas capitales, convirti<strong>en</strong>do <strong>la</strong>s<strong>en</strong>sibilidad <strong>de</strong> aqu<strong>el</strong>los habitantes. Por último, nos proponemos mostrar <strong>la</strong>scostumbres y prácticas, pero también algunas repres<strong>en</strong>taciones que los pombal<strong>en</strong>sesconstruyeron para <strong>la</strong> ciudad <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> mom<strong>en</strong>to <strong>en</strong> que p<strong>la</strong>nteaban problemas.En cuanto a <strong>la</strong> cuestión teórica y metodológica, nos acercamos a losconceptos <strong>de</strong> prácticas y repres<strong>en</strong>taciones <strong>de</strong> Roger Chartier, <strong>de</strong> usos e inv<strong>en</strong>ciones<strong>de</strong> Mich<strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong> Certeau y <strong>de</strong> s<strong>en</strong>sibilidad <strong>de</strong> María St<strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong> Brescianni. Paralograr nuestros objetivos, hemos utilizado <strong>la</strong> metodología <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>oral</strong>, <strong>la</strong>docum<strong>en</strong>tación oficial, así como <strong>la</strong> iconografía exist<strong>en</strong>te sobre <strong>el</strong> tema.——————————————————————————————————————————————Espacio Virrey Liniers——————————————————————————————————————————————Subtema / Subteme 14Memoria, <strong>historia</strong> <strong>oral</strong> y comunidad / Memory, OralHistory and community14 a. Cre<strong>en</strong>cias compartidas, tradiciones r<strong>el</strong>igiosasy transmisión <strong>oral</strong>. Shared B<strong>el</strong>iefs, R<strong>el</strong>igiousTraditions, and the Oral Transmission.14b- Culturas no hegemónicas e <strong>historia</strong> <strong>oral</strong> /Nohegemoniccultures and Oral HistoryMesa / Session 69Coordinan / Chair: Ana Diamant——————————————————————————————————————————————LEMBER, UkuPatterns in the Negotiation and Transmission of FamilialPasts within “Russian-Estonian” Marriagesduring <strong>la</strong>te Socialism in Estonia (1960-70s)The paper discusses the inter-g<strong>en</strong>erational transmission of past-re<strong>la</strong>tedknowledge in Soviet Estonia in the 1960-70s about the pre-Soviet era and Sta-100

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