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Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...

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Sesiones parale<strong>la</strong>s / Parall<strong>el</strong> sessionsanalytical perspective; the focus on the history, on the creative process, or inextra-musical aspects (political, social, i<strong>de</strong>ntitarian ones, etc.).——————————————————————————————————————————————Espacio Virrey Liniers——————————————————————————————————————————————Mesa / Pan<strong>el</strong> 3I<strong>de</strong>ntities Abroad: Austrian Jews in ExileA cargo <strong>de</strong>: Albert Lichtb<strong>la</strong>uPan<strong>el</strong>istas: Micha<strong>el</strong> John, Philipp Mettauer, Andrea Strutz——————————————————————————————————————————————Casa <strong>de</strong>l Historiador——————————————————————————————————————————————Subtema / Subteme 13Mesa / Session 56Coordinan / Chair: Dora E. Bor<strong>de</strong>garay——————————————————————————————————————————————ENGELMAN, Juan y WEISS, María LauraRep<strong>en</strong>sando <strong>la</strong> importancia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Historia Oral comoforma <strong>de</strong> resist<strong>en</strong>cia étnicaLa mirada antropológica actual – teórica, metodológica y epistemológica- noshabilita a p<strong>en</strong>sar <strong>el</strong> vínculo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>oral</strong> y <strong>la</strong> memoria <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> una perspectivadinámica. Pero no <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> una perspectiva don<strong>de</strong> su mutua implicación <strong>de</strong>como resultado una “<strong>historia</strong> híbrida”, <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> s<strong>en</strong>tido <strong>de</strong> Canclini, puesto queserá su reactualización constante <strong>la</strong> que permitirá p<strong>en</strong>sar dicho vaivén no sólocomo una forma <strong>de</strong> resist<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> los grupos indíg<strong>en</strong>as sino como <strong>la</strong> expresión<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> complejidad que <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>fine. Retomando <strong>la</strong>s reflexiones sobre grupos étnicos<strong>en</strong> re<strong>la</strong>ción a <strong>la</strong> construcción <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> oficial <strong>de</strong> represión, negacióny sil<strong>en</strong>cio por parte <strong>de</strong>l Estado, veremos que <strong>el</strong> lugar estructural <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s re<strong>la</strong>cionesinterétnicas asimétricas no sólo respon<strong>de</strong> a <strong>la</strong>s condiciones materiales<strong>de</strong> exist<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> dichos Pueblos, sino que <strong>en</strong>cu<strong>en</strong>tran su sostén <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> ciertosector reaccionario <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> historiografía arg<strong>en</strong>tina fundam<strong>en</strong>talm<strong>en</strong>te basada<strong>en</strong> “lo escrito” como criterio <strong>de</strong> veracidad. A su vez, creemos que <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>oral</strong>no respon<strong>de</strong> a una construcción subjetiva y arbitraria <strong>en</strong> re<strong>la</strong>ción a un contextodado, sino que <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> literatura antropológica po<strong>de</strong>mos <strong>de</strong>cir que secaracteriza por t<strong>en</strong>er cierta lógica propia. No obstante, sin caer <strong>en</strong> un estructuralismoacérrimo, lo interesante es <strong>de</strong>stacar que <strong>la</strong> <strong>oral</strong>idad para los gruposindíg<strong>en</strong>as sigue si<strong>en</strong>do una práctica “es<strong>en</strong>cial” <strong>en</strong> su reproducción, y como tal<strong>en</strong> su resist<strong>en</strong>cia y lucha.En esta pon<strong>en</strong>cia nos proponemos analizar cómo <strong>la</strong> memoria <strong>de</strong> una <strong>historia</strong>compartida <strong>de</strong> exclusión, <strong>en</strong>cu<strong>en</strong>tra <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>tos g<strong>en</strong>éricos <strong>en</strong> su transmisión–gracias a su <strong>oral</strong>idad- cuyo carácter dinámico y contradictorio <strong>en</strong> tanto espacio<strong>de</strong> confrontación, pue<strong>de</strong> aproximarnos a explicar <strong>la</strong> base <strong>de</strong> los rec<strong>la</strong>mos contemporáneos.Ya que <strong>la</strong>s repres<strong>en</strong>taciones que sobre <strong>el</strong> pasado realizan los gruposindíg<strong>en</strong>as son resignificadas a <strong>la</strong> luz <strong>de</strong>l pres<strong>en</strong>te <strong>en</strong> re<strong>la</strong>ción a <strong>la</strong> memoriasobre trayectorias históricas sociales, <strong>la</strong>b<strong>oral</strong>es y territoriales específicas.The pres<strong>en</strong>t anthropological view –theoretical, methodological and epistemological-<strong>en</strong>ables us to think the link betwe<strong>en</strong> <strong>oral</strong> history and memoryfrom a dynamic perspective. But not from a perspective where their mutualinvolvem<strong>en</strong>t results as a “hybrid history”, in Canclini´s s<strong>en</strong>se, just because itsconstant re<strong>en</strong>actm<strong>en</strong>t can approach us to think the resistance of indig<strong>en</strong>ousgroups as the expression of the complexity that <strong>de</strong>fines them. Returning tothe reflections on ethnic groups in re<strong>la</strong>tion to the construction of the officialhistory of repression, <strong>de</strong>nial and sil<strong>en</strong>ce from the State, we see that the structuralp<strong>la</strong>ce of asymmetrical interethnic re<strong>la</strong>tions is not only a reflection of theirmaterial conditions, but also “that p<strong>la</strong>ce” find support from some reactionarysector of the Arg<strong>en</strong>tinean’s historiography, mainly based on “writing” as a criterionof truth. Also, we b<strong>el</strong>ieve that <strong>oral</strong> history does not respond to a subjectiveand arbitrary construction in re<strong>la</strong>tion to a specific context, but from theanthropological literature we can argue that it is characterized by certain logicits<strong>el</strong>f. However, without falling into a staunch structuralism, it is interesting tohighlight that the <strong>oral</strong>ity in indig<strong>en</strong>ous groups is still an “ess<strong>en</strong>tial” practice intheir reproduction, and therefore in their resistance and struggle.In this paper we attempt to analyze how the memory of a shared history of exclusionof ethnic groups finds g<strong>en</strong>eric <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>ts in its transmission -thanks to its<strong>oral</strong>ity- consi<strong>de</strong>ring that the dynamic and contradiction, as a space of confrontation,can approach us to exp<strong>la</strong>in the basis of their contemporary c<strong>la</strong>ims. Inthis way, the repres<strong>en</strong>tations of the past inspired by indig<strong>en</strong>ous groups is resignifiedin the pres<strong>en</strong>t as a bound betwe<strong>en</strong> its memory, social trajectories andterritorial struggles.MORO, Natani<strong>el</strong> DalTextos memorialistas como forma política <strong>de</strong> escribir<strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong>Mucho <strong>de</strong> lo que se conoce <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> región sur <strong>de</strong>l estado <strong>de</strong> MatoGrosso, se <strong>de</strong>be a los escritos producidos por autores memorialistas. Sin embargo,<strong>la</strong>s docum<strong>en</strong>taciones consultadas no siempre pue<strong>de</strong>n ser analizadaso cotejadas con otras por <strong>el</strong> hecho <strong>de</strong> que no exist<strong>en</strong> materialm<strong>en</strong>te, pues seoriginan <strong>de</strong> informaciones prov<strong>en</strong>i<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> tradición <strong>oral</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s familiaspioneras. Esos autores <strong>de</strong>scribieron a sus antepasados como <strong>de</strong>sbravadoresy fundadores <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> ocupación <strong>de</strong> esta región. Ante esto, <strong>el</strong> objetivo <strong>de</strong> este trabajoes problematizar <strong>la</strong> utilización <strong>de</strong> este tipo <strong>de</strong> docum<strong>en</strong>tación por parte<strong>de</strong>l <strong>historia</strong>dor.Much of what is known of the history of southern region of Mato Grosso is dueto writings produced by memorialist authors. However, not always consulteddocum<strong>en</strong>tation can be analyzed or col<strong>la</strong>ted with others because of the factthat they do not exist materially, as they are from information contained in the<strong>oral</strong> tradition of pioneering families. These authors <strong>de</strong>scribe their ancestorsas pioneers and foun<strong>de</strong>rs in the occupation of this region. That said, this workaims at problematizing the use of such docum<strong>en</strong>tation by <strong>historia</strong>ns.BORGES DA SILVEIRA, Marcos César; AROUCHA JIMENES, Amílcar y MARTI-NEZ RODRIGUEZ, ErnestoSobre los indios y los <strong>historia</strong>doresEl texto <strong>de</strong>scribe los mom<strong>en</strong>tos iniciales, los primeros contactos, <strong>de</strong> un estudiorealizado junto a <strong>la</strong> comunidad <strong>de</strong> indios Tikunas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ciudad <strong>de</strong> Manaus. Enfoca<strong>el</strong> proceso <strong>de</strong> negociación <strong>en</strong>tab<strong>la</strong>do <strong>en</strong>tre <strong>el</strong> <strong>historia</strong>dor y los sujetos <strong>de</strong>investigación. Destaca <strong>la</strong> visión que los indíg<strong>en</strong>as ti<strong>en</strong><strong>en</strong> sobre esta situación yestima apuntar algunos efectos <strong>de</strong>se “contacto” <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> realización <strong>de</strong>l estudio.Pa<strong>la</strong>bras l<strong>la</strong>ves: <strong>historia</strong> indíg<strong>en</strong>a, negociación, sujetos <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> investigación.This article <strong>de</strong>scribes initial consi<strong>de</strong>rations and the first contacts are research<strong>de</strong>v<strong>el</strong>oped together Tikuna’s Indian communitie in the Manaus City.Operatethe negociation process estabilished with Historians and the Tikunas’s investigated.Destacated the tikuna’s vision there is about actual situation and searchto see some results in this contact and realization of the study.MORAIS, LilianaRepres<strong>en</strong>tations of Japanese Culture: Life story of ajapanese woman ceramist in BrazilThe traditional crafts, ceramics inclu<strong>de</strong>d, are important symbols of Japan,known worldwi<strong>de</strong>. G<strong>en</strong>erally se<strong>en</strong> as fruits of the Japanese craftsm<strong>en</strong>’s singu<strong>la</strong>rityand exceptionality, the traditional crafts were actually politically promotedby the Meiji Governm<strong>en</strong>t (1868-1912) in a mom<strong>en</strong>t of affirming the nationali<strong>de</strong>ntity and culture, especially towards the West. In Brazil, the immigrationof Japanese ceramists was especially significant after the <strong>en</strong>d of the SecondWorld War and the establishm<strong>en</strong>t of a new re<strong>la</strong>tionship betwe<strong>en</strong> the two countries.In this context, individual artists, qualified technicians and artisans, ceramistsinclu<strong>de</strong>d, w<strong>en</strong>t to Brazil in search of new opportunities, but also withthe <strong>de</strong>sire to free thems<strong>el</strong>ves from the strict tradition of the Japanese crafts. Byinterviewing several Japanese Brazilian ceramists and through the life-story ofa Japanese wom<strong>en</strong> ceramist living in Brazil, we int<strong>en</strong>d to compreh<strong>en</strong>d how thei<strong>de</strong>ntity construction as ceramic artist is marked by the repres<strong>en</strong>tations of theJapanese culture and its “inv<strong>en</strong>ted tradition”.<strong>Los</strong> craft tradicionales, cerámica inclusa, son importantes símbolos <strong>de</strong>l Japón,conocidos internacionalm<strong>en</strong>te. G<strong>en</strong>eralm<strong>en</strong>te vistos como fruto <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> singu<strong>la</strong>ridady excepcionalidad <strong>de</strong> los artesanos nipônicos, los craft tradicionalesfueran, <strong>en</strong> realidad, promovidos políticam<strong>en</strong>te por lo Gobierno Meiji (1868-1912) <strong>en</strong> un mom<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> afirmación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntidad y cultura nacionales, especialm<strong>en</strong>te<strong>en</strong> re<strong>la</strong>ción al Occi<strong>de</strong>nte. En Brasil, <strong>la</strong> inmigración <strong>de</strong> ceramistasjaponeses fue especialm<strong>en</strong>te significativa <strong>de</strong>spués <strong>de</strong> lo término <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> SegundaGuerra Mundial e lo estab<strong>el</strong>ecimi<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> una nueva re<strong>la</strong>ción <strong>en</strong>tre los dospaíses. En esto contexto, artistas individuales, técnicos cualificados y artesanos,ceramistas incluso, fueran a Brasil <strong>en</strong> busca <strong>de</strong> nuevas oportunida<strong>de</strong>s,más también con <strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong>seo <strong>de</strong> liberación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> rigurosa tradición <strong>de</strong> los craftjaponeses. A partir <strong>de</strong> <strong>en</strong>trevistas con varios ceramistas nipo-brasileiros y,específicam<strong>en</strong>te, <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> analice <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> vida <strong>de</strong> una ceramista japone-47

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