Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...
Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...
Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...
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Sesiones parale<strong>la</strong>s / Parall<strong>el</strong> sessionsmunities of Passo Fundo and Erexim are active though numerically smaller.They un<strong>de</strong>rgo changes in their familiar and social re<strong>la</strong>tions and also in re<strong>la</strong>tionto their r<strong>el</strong>igion connection and cultural interests. The purposes of thisresearch are to recover its formation, to follow its historical process and its re<strong>la</strong>tionshipwith the other Jewish communities and also with the society of PassoFundo and Erexim. The research emphasizes the historical process throughthe g<strong>en</strong>erations.SCARTASCINI SPADARO, Gabrie<strong>la</strong>Puerto Val<strong>la</strong>rta, México: vida <strong>de</strong> pueblo, <strong>de</strong>stino <strong>de</strong>ciudad. Dos visiones <strong>de</strong>l paraísoPuerto Val<strong>la</strong>rta, <strong>en</strong>c<strong>la</strong>vado <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> Bahía <strong>de</strong> Ban<strong>de</strong>ras <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> Pacífico Mexicano,es un <strong>de</strong>stino turístico internacional que se pres<strong>en</strong>ta al mundo como paraísonatural con tradiciones y paisaje únicos. Des<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> década <strong>de</strong>l 50 <strong>de</strong>l <strong>siglo</strong>pasado, <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> local se fue conformando a partir <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> estrecha re<strong>la</strong>ción<strong>en</strong>tre los anfitriones, repres<strong>en</strong>tados por <strong>la</strong> comunidad local y los invitados –<strong>el</strong>turismo pionero- que llegaban a disfrutar <strong>de</strong> un espacio difer<strong>en</strong>te al <strong>de</strong> sucotidianidad; v<strong>en</strong>ían a gozar <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vida <strong>de</strong> un pueblito típico mexicano a oril<strong>la</strong>s<strong>de</strong>l mar y <strong>en</strong>marcado por montañas. A medida que transcurrieron los años,Val<strong>la</strong>rta inició su crecimi<strong>en</strong>to como ciudad, <strong>el</strong> tipo <strong>de</strong> turismo se tornó masivoy <strong>la</strong> comunidad local empezó a res<strong>en</strong>tir los cambios estructurales aprobados ypuestos <strong>en</strong> marcha por los distintos gobiernos locales bajo instrucción <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>snecesida<strong>de</strong>s fe<strong>de</strong>rales nacionales. La región incorporó necesida<strong>de</strong>s citadinasy eso trajo aparejados cambios <strong>en</strong> los espacios públicos –p<strong>la</strong>zas, p<strong>la</strong>yas, callesy espacios para <strong>la</strong> repres<strong>en</strong>tación-. La comunidad, que <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> su fundación<strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> <strong>siglo</strong> XIX gozaba <strong>de</strong> los mismos, fue <strong>de</strong>sp<strong>la</strong>zada. A pesar <strong>de</strong> los múltiplesrec<strong>la</strong>mos <strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong>f<strong>en</strong>sa <strong>de</strong> costumbres y tradiciones, <strong>la</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rnización impusosu visión. En los últimos diez años, se fue <strong>de</strong>sdibujando <strong>el</strong> pueblito típico asícomo <strong>la</strong> aflu<strong>en</strong>cia turística a <strong>la</strong> región. Hoy, <strong>la</strong> versión oficial anuncia a un Val<strong>la</strong>rtaque contemp<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong>s necesida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l <strong>siglo</strong> <strong>XXI</strong> y que está construy<strong>en</strong>do unai<strong>de</strong>ntidad mo<strong>de</strong>rna a <strong>la</strong> altura <strong>de</strong> otros <strong>de</strong>stinos mundiales. La publicidad através <strong>de</strong> internet así lo presume. Con recursos <strong>de</strong>siguales fr<strong>en</strong>te al impactomediático, <strong>la</strong> comunidad local todavía alza <strong>la</strong> voz y, a través <strong>de</strong> testimonios<strong>oral</strong>es, recuerda que, aun cuando <strong>la</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rnidad y <strong>la</strong> misma autoridad municipalno estén consci<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong> <strong>el</strong>lo, Puerto Val<strong>la</strong>rta posee una i<strong>de</strong>ntidad que <strong>la</strong>posicionó como marca <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> mundo y que <strong>de</strong>be ser protegida para b<strong>en</strong>eficio <strong>de</strong>todos, invitados y anfitriones.Puerto Val<strong>la</strong>rta is located in the Bay of Ban<strong>de</strong>ras in the Mexican Pacific. It´s aninternational tourist <strong>de</strong>stination that is pres<strong>en</strong>ted to the world as a natural Paradisewith unique traditions and <strong>la</strong>ndscape. Since the 50s of <strong>la</strong>st c<strong>en</strong>tury, localhistory was conformed from the close re<strong>la</strong>tioship betwe<strong>en</strong> the hosts, repres<strong>en</strong>tedby the local community and guests, tourismo pioneer, who came to <strong>en</strong>joy adiffer<strong>en</strong>t way of living: the life of a typical mexican vil<strong>la</strong>je by the sea and surroun<strong>de</strong>dby mountains. As the years passed, Val<strong>la</strong>rta began its growth as a city. Thetype of tourism bécame massive and the local community began to res<strong>en</strong>t thestructural changes that were approved and implem<strong>en</strong>ted by the various localgovernm<strong>en</strong>ts un<strong>de</strong>r the instruction of the national fe<strong>de</strong>ral requirem<strong>en</strong>ts. Theregión joined inner-city needs and that brougth about changes in public spaces,p<strong>la</strong>zas, beaches, streets and spaces for repres<strong>en</strong>tation. The local communitywas disp<strong>la</strong>ced. Despite the many c<strong>la</strong>ims in <strong>de</strong>f<strong>en</strong>se of customs and traditions,mo<strong>de</strong>rnization imposed his visión. In the <strong>la</strong>st t<strong>en</strong> years, it was blurring the typicalsmall town and the influx of tourists to the región. Today, the governm<strong>en</strong>tannounced a mo<strong>de</strong>r Val<strong>la</strong>rta that inclu<strong>de</strong>s the needs of the tw<strong>en</strong>ty-first c<strong>en</strong>tury,a p<strong>la</strong>ce that is building a mo<strong>de</strong>rn i<strong>de</strong>ntity at the lev<strong>el</strong> of other world <strong>de</strong>stination.It´s also presumed on the internet. With unequal resources against the mediaimpact, the local community still raises his voice and, through <strong>oral</strong> testimony,remember that while mo<strong>de</strong>rnity and the same local authority are not aware ofit, Puerto Val<strong>la</strong>rta has an i<strong>de</strong>ntity that positioned it as mark on the world andshould be protected for the b<strong>en</strong>efit of all guests and hosts.PRIETO PRADA, J<strong>en</strong>ny Marce<strong>la</strong>Estudio <strong>de</strong>l periodo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> viol<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>en</strong> Colombia: configuración<strong>de</strong> sujetos sociales críticos a través <strong>de</strong>ltrabajo con <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>oral</strong>.La propuesta se <strong>de</strong>sarrol<strong>la</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> trabajo <strong>de</strong> au<strong>la</strong> que, <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> 2011, se vi<strong>en</strong>econstruy<strong>en</strong>do <strong>en</strong> conjunto con los estudiantes <strong>de</strong> 9° grado <strong>de</strong>l Colegio IntegralAvancemos, ubicado al surori<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ciudad <strong>de</strong> Bogotá. Este ti<strong>en</strong>e por objetivo,configurar procesos <strong>de</strong> <strong>en</strong>señanza-apr<strong>en</strong>dizaje <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Historia y <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>sCi<strong>en</strong>cias Sociales que <strong>de</strong>fi<strong>en</strong>dan y fortalezcan <strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> un sujeto críticoy reflexivo, capaz <strong>de</strong> <strong>en</strong>contrar <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> cotidianidad <strong>de</strong> su <strong>en</strong>torno esco<strong>la</strong>r <strong>la</strong>s herrami<strong>en</strong>tasnecesarias para aterrizar <strong>el</strong> discurso histórico oficial, re<strong>la</strong>cionadocon <strong>el</strong> periodo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> viol<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>en</strong> Colombia (1930 a 1953) y <strong>la</strong> muerte <strong>de</strong>l caudilloliberal Jorge Eliecer Gaitán, y transformarlo <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>tos <strong>de</strong> apr<strong>en</strong>dizajecontinuo. Para <strong>el</strong>lo, <strong>el</strong> <strong>en</strong>torno familiar y <strong>el</strong> esco<strong>la</strong>r, se convierte <strong>en</strong> su principalfu<strong>en</strong>te histórica, <strong>la</strong> cual mediante <strong>el</strong> apoyo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Historia Oral, irá contribuy<strong>en</strong>dopoco a poco <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> conformación <strong>de</strong> su propia i<strong>de</strong>ntidad como sujetossociales que se caracteric<strong>en</strong> por su p<strong>en</strong>sami<strong>en</strong>to crítico y transformador <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>realidad <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> que se <strong>en</strong>cu<strong>en</strong>tran inmersos.The proposal that we are constructing with the stu<strong>de</strong>nts of 9th Gra<strong>de</strong> from IntegralAvancemos School, located in south-east of Bogota City is being <strong>de</strong>v<strong>el</strong>opedsince 2011. The goal is to configure training- learning processes of Historyand social sci<strong>en</strong>ces. These Processes <strong>de</strong>f<strong>en</strong>d and str<strong>en</strong>gth<strong>en</strong> the <strong>de</strong>v<strong>el</strong>opm<strong>en</strong>tof a critical and reflexive subject. It also <strong>en</strong>ables to find necessary tools in dailyschool <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>t to <strong>la</strong>nd the official historical discourse, re<strong>la</strong>ted to the periodof viol<strong>en</strong>ce in Colombia (1930 to 1953) and the <strong>de</strong>ath of liberal lea<strong>de</strong>r JorgeEliecer Gaitán and transform it in <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>ts of continuous learning.To do all this, the family and the school becomes the main historical source,which by supporting the Oral History will gradually contribute in shapingtheirown i<strong>de</strong>ntities as social subjects that are characterized by their critical thinkingand transform the reality in which they are immersed.DELGADO DE SMITH, YamileColonia Tovar, <strong>en</strong>c<strong>la</strong>ve alemán <strong>en</strong> V<strong>en</strong>ezue<strong>la</strong> e <strong>historia</strong><strong>oral</strong> <strong>de</strong> niñosEsta comunicación parte <strong>de</strong> una experi<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> investigación sobre <strong>el</strong> trabajo<strong>de</strong> niños, <strong>de</strong>sc<strong>en</strong>di<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>de</strong> alemanes, que viv<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> Colonia Tovar, pueblofundado por migrantes que llegaron a V<strong>en</strong>ezue<strong>la</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> año 1845. Aquí pret<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>mosreflexionar sobre dos aspectos: <strong>en</strong> primer lugar, sobre los resultados<strong>de</strong> dicha investigación que se c<strong>en</strong>tra <strong>en</strong> un grupo <strong>de</strong> 9 niños. A través <strong>de</strong> susre<strong>la</strong>tos se nos da cu<strong>en</strong>ta <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> transfer<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> valores que se da <strong>en</strong>tre g<strong>en</strong>eraciones<strong>de</strong> alemanes que permit<strong>en</strong> reproducir <strong>en</strong> este pueblo muchas <strong>de</strong> suscostumbres <strong>en</strong>tre <strong>de</strong>sc<strong>en</strong>di<strong>en</strong>tes y nativos v<strong>en</strong>ezo<strong>la</strong>nos. En segundo lugar, sebusca evi<strong>de</strong>nciar a través <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> riqueza <strong>de</strong> los re<strong>la</strong>tos y <strong>el</strong> apoyo audiovisual,<strong>la</strong>s prácticas <strong>de</strong> trabajo <strong>de</strong> los niños como un <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> apoyo, <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> dinámica<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> cotidianidad <strong>de</strong> sus familias alemanas y/o aqu<strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong>s que se han logradoempar<strong>en</strong>tar con los ciudadanos <strong>de</strong>l país <strong>de</strong> acogida: V<strong>en</strong>ezue<strong>la</strong>. Esta investigaciónreviste importancia porque permite compr<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r procesos <strong>de</strong> hibridación<strong>en</strong>tre <strong>la</strong> cultura <strong>de</strong> un país <strong>de</strong> América Latina y europea.This is an investigation conducted with childr<strong>en</strong>, childr<strong>en</strong> of immigrants, at theColonia Tovar, V<strong>en</strong>ezue<strong>la</strong>. There are two axes of reflection. First, the transfer<strong>en</strong>ceof values that one gives betwe<strong>en</strong> g<strong>en</strong>erations of Germans that allow toreproduce in these people many of their customs betwe<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong>sc<strong>en</strong>dants andnative V<strong>en</strong>ezue<strong>la</strong>ns. Second, to analyze the practices of work for the nine childr<strong>en</strong>as an <strong>el</strong>em<strong>en</strong>t of support, in the dynamics with German families and thosethat have be<strong>en</strong> achieved to re<strong>la</strong>te with the citiz<strong>en</strong>s of the country of reception:V<strong>en</strong>ezue<strong>la</strong>. This investigation allows the un<strong>de</strong>rstanding of the interculturalview, across the expressions of work, communication, education and transfer<strong>en</strong>ceof traditions, makes the processes of hybridization visible betwe<strong>en</strong> theculture of a country of Latin America and Europe.PEREIRA PEÑA, Ruth Francy y RÍOS LÓPEZ, JannethSembrando con pa<strong>la</strong>bras <strong>la</strong> tierra campesina“Sembrando con pa<strong>la</strong>bras <strong>la</strong> tierra campesina” es una experi<strong>en</strong>cia educativarealizada con estudiantes <strong>de</strong> grado séptimos <strong>de</strong>l colegio El Destino, ubicado<strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> vereda <strong>de</strong>l mismo nombre, zona rural <strong>de</strong> Usme -localidad <strong>de</strong> Bogotá,Colombia-, durante los años <strong>de</strong> 2009-2011; con <strong>el</strong> propósito <strong>de</strong> reivindicar <strong>la</strong>sprácticas y saberes propios <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s voces <strong>de</strong>l campesinado <strong>de</strong> Usme, <strong>la</strong> experi<strong>en</strong>cianos llevo a trabajar <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>el</strong> espacio esco<strong>la</strong>r temáticas y realida<strong>de</strong>sque usualm<strong>en</strong>te quedan por fuera <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> rígida p<strong>la</strong>neación <strong>de</strong>l currículo, portanto <strong>la</strong> práctica también se ori<strong>en</strong>to <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> búsqueda <strong>de</strong> herrami<strong>en</strong>tas que posibilitaranreconocer y reivindicar los saberes propios <strong>de</strong> cada estudiante, específicam<strong>en</strong>t<strong>el</strong>os referidos a sus vínculos territoriales y a <strong>la</strong> repres<strong>en</strong>tación queestos hac<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong> su i<strong>de</strong>ntidad campesina. Con <strong>el</strong> fin <strong>de</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>nciar esas repres<strong>en</strong>tacionesque como estudiantes ti<strong>en</strong><strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong>l territorio y <strong>la</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntidad campesina ya<strong>de</strong>más, hacer<strong>la</strong>s objeto <strong>de</strong> conocimi<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s ci<strong>en</strong>cias sociales <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong>salón <strong>de</strong> c<strong>la</strong>se, <strong>la</strong> “investigación esco<strong>la</strong>r” fue <strong>el</strong> medio para establecer nuestrapropuesta, conformando un grupo focal <strong>de</strong> “semilleros <strong>de</strong> investigación” paraconstruir un saber y una conci<strong>en</strong>tización sobre lo propio, indagando <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> loque <strong>el</strong>los son y <strong>de</strong> lo que ha sido <strong>la</strong> tradición campesina <strong>de</strong> sus veredas: su<strong>historia</strong>, costumbres, cre<strong>en</strong>cias y transformaciones.“Sowing with words the peasant <strong>la</strong>nd” is an educational experi<strong>en</strong>ce with un<strong>de</strong>rgraduatestu<strong>de</strong>nts of sev<strong>en</strong>th gra<strong>de</strong> of El Destino School, located in the vil<strong>la</strong>ge77