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Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...

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Sesiones parale<strong>la</strong>s / Parall<strong>el</strong> sessionspassed after its term, had be<strong>en</strong> crystallizing its<strong>el</strong>f sil<strong>en</strong>tly into the Fr<strong>en</strong>ch societycollective memory. An <strong>en</strong>tire g<strong>en</strong>eration of m<strong>en</strong> lived through the antisubversivwar experi<strong>en</strong>ce in the Algerian territory, to return th<strong>en</strong> to the metropolewhere the reality of the conflict had be<strong>en</strong>, during and after it, concealed by anofficial rhetoric based on nationalistic fervor and civilizing yearnings.Since one <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>, historic researches on the “Algerian war” had increased,revealing the Fr<strong>en</strong>ch State responsibility – repres<strong>en</strong>ted by the conscripts’ conting<strong>en</strong>tsand the professional army involved in the conflict– as for tortures, extra-judicialexecutions and forced disappearances applied in the fi<strong>el</strong>d, therebyvio<strong>la</strong>ting systematically the G<strong>en</strong>eva Conv<strong>en</strong>tion.Consi<strong>de</strong>ring that official history concealed the reality of the facts, almost thetotality of the rec<strong>en</strong>t historic researches about the conflict are based on <strong>oral</strong>sources and autobiographical statem<strong>en</strong>ts of veterans and survivors whoseformu<strong>la</strong>tion and writing were in its majority, contemporaneous of the conflict<strong>de</strong>spite the c<strong>en</strong>sorship prev<strong>en</strong>ting its diffusion.Thus, this pres<strong>en</strong>tation consist in questioning the act of writing history and thetheorical-methodological treatm<strong>en</strong>t consi<strong>de</strong>red by the investigators in or<strong>de</strong>rto work this <strong>oral</strong> sources corpus that allowed to reveal what official sources<strong>de</strong>nied during more than three <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s.NACIFF, NataliaDiscusiones teóricas y metodológicas <strong>en</strong> torno a <strong>la</strong>Historia Oral. El caso <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> apropiación <strong>de</strong>l concepto<strong>de</strong> lucha armada <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> Universidad (1969-1974)La investigación respon<strong>de</strong> a <strong>la</strong> reflexión <strong>de</strong> distintas lecturas <strong>en</strong> torno a <strong>la</strong> Epistemologíay Metodología Cualitativa, <strong>en</strong>marcado <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> campo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> HistoriaSocial, poni<strong>en</strong>do énfasis <strong>en</strong> los discursos <strong>de</strong> otros y otras <strong>de</strong> sus etapas vividasy reconsi<strong>de</strong>radas a través <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> personal y colectiva. Entroncado <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong>campo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Historia Oral que busca compr<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>s <strong>en</strong>trevistas y re<strong>la</strong>tos <strong>de</strong>vida <strong>la</strong> apropiación <strong>de</strong> prácticas, i<strong>de</strong>as, y construcciones colectivas.El trabajo busca analizar, <strong>de</strong>construir y compr<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r <strong>la</strong> utilización y apropiación<strong>de</strong>l concepto <strong>de</strong> lucha armada por los diversos actores <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Facultad <strong>de</strong>Filosofía y Letras, <strong>en</strong>tre los agitados años <strong>de</strong> 1969 y 1974.La época escogida esta signada <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> campo político-cultural arg<strong>en</strong>tino por <strong>la</strong>i<strong>de</strong>a <strong>de</strong> ruptura, innovación y crítica <strong>de</strong>l or<strong>de</strong>n social establecido. En <strong>el</strong> marco<strong>de</strong> un amplio movimi<strong>en</strong>to mundial, que hacia mediados <strong>de</strong>l <strong>siglo</strong> XX, eclosionafuertem<strong>en</strong>te <strong>en</strong> busca <strong>de</strong> liberación a <strong>la</strong> opresión <strong>de</strong>l mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> acumu<strong>la</strong>ciónsobre los pueblos.The research responds to the reflection of differ<strong>en</strong>t interpretations about theEpistemology and Qualitative Methodology, framed in the fi<strong>el</strong>d of social history,focusing on the speeches of others and others lived and reconsi<strong>de</strong>red itsstages through the personal and collective history . Re<strong>la</strong>ted by the fi<strong>el</strong>d of <strong>oral</strong>history that seeks to un<strong>de</strong>rstand in the interviews and life stories of the appropriationof practices, i<strong>de</strong>as, and collective constructions.SNODGRASS, JonThe Appropriation of the Jack-Roller Life HistoriesThe Jack-Roller: A D<strong>el</strong>inqu<strong>en</strong>t Boy’s Own Story (1930) contains the autobiographyof a te<strong>en</strong>age mugger. The author was promised the copyright and royaltieswhich never were forthcoming and the book is usually attributed sol<strong>el</strong>y tocriminologist Clifford R. Shaw. It inclu<strong>de</strong>d Shaw’s analysis, treatm<strong>en</strong>t history,official records and expert comm<strong>en</strong>taries. The work became a c<strong>la</strong>ssic in criminologyc<strong>la</strong>iming the rehabilitation of a viol<strong>en</strong>t off<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r.The Jack-Roller at Sev<strong>en</strong>ty: A Fifty Year Follow-Up was col<strong>la</strong>boration betwe<strong>en</strong>the Jack-Roller and Jon Snodgrass (1978). It revealed that “Stanley” had committeda f<strong>el</strong>ony and was re-incarcerated in 1931. He also was confined in a statem<strong>en</strong>tal hospital throughout the 1940s. The sequ<strong>el</strong> finally appeared in 1982un<strong>de</strong>r certain conditions, including the expurgation of its critical analysis andthe inclusion of expositions by experts basically supportive of Shaw’s originalresearch to justify and approbate its publication.A special issue <strong>de</strong>dicated to the Jack-Roller was published in Theoretical Criminologyin 2007. Covering over 110 years, this case is the longest longitudinalstudy of one of the most int<strong>en</strong>s<strong>el</strong>y studied individual in the history of the socialsci<strong>en</strong>ces. This article reveals some of the history, controversies and theoreticaldisputes behind the most w<strong>el</strong>l-known off<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r in criminology. The Jack-Rollercase also illustrates the broa<strong>de</strong>r picture of professional misconduct amongsocial sci<strong>en</strong>tists and scho<strong>la</strong>rly institutions in the exploitation of a lower c<strong>la</strong>ssindividual in the research process.The Jack-Roller: A D<strong>el</strong>inqu<strong>en</strong>t Boy’s Own Story (1930) conti<strong>en</strong>e <strong>la</strong> autobiografía<strong>de</strong> un atacador adolesc<strong>en</strong>te. Al autor le fueron prometidas regalías y <strong>de</strong>rechos<strong>de</strong> autor que nunca se <strong>en</strong>tregaron y <strong>el</strong> libro g<strong>en</strong>eralm<strong>en</strong>te es atribuido exclusivam<strong>en</strong>teal criminólogo Clifford R. Shaw. El libro incluyó un análisis <strong>de</strong> Shaw, <strong>la</strong><strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong>l tratami<strong>en</strong>to, docum<strong>en</strong>tos oficiales y com<strong>en</strong>tarios <strong>de</strong> expertos. Seconvirtió <strong>en</strong> una obra clásica <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> criminología al reivindicar <strong>la</strong> rehabilitación<strong>de</strong> un criminal viol<strong>en</strong>to.The Jack-Roller at Sev<strong>en</strong>ty: A Fifty Year Follow-Up fue co<strong>la</strong>boración <strong>en</strong>tre <strong>el</strong> Jack-Roller y Jon Snodgrass (1978). El estudio rev<strong>el</strong>ó que “Stanley” había cometidoun <strong>de</strong>lito grave y había sido <strong>de</strong>vu<strong>el</strong>to a <strong>la</strong> cárc<strong>el</strong> <strong>en</strong> 1931. También fue confinado<strong>en</strong> un hospital m<strong>en</strong>tal <strong>de</strong>l estado a lo <strong>la</strong>rgo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> década <strong>de</strong> 1940. La secue<strong>la</strong>finalm<strong>en</strong>te fue publicada <strong>en</strong> 1982 con ciertas condiciones, por ejemplo, <strong>la</strong>expurgación <strong>de</strong>l análisis crítico y <strong>la</strong> inclusión <strong>de</strong> exposiciones <strong>de</strong> expertos quebásicam<strong>en</strong>te apoyaron <strong>la</strong> investigación original <strong>de</strong> Shaw, a fin <strong>de</strong> justificar yaprobar <strong>la</strong> publicación.Un número especial <strong>de</strong>dicado al Jack-Roller apareció <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> jornal CriminologíaTeórica <strong>en</strong> 2007. Este caso es <strong>el</strong> más <strong>la</strong>rgo estudio longitudinal ya que cubremás <strong>de</strong> 110 años. Él es uno <strong>de</strong> los individuos más int<strong>en</strong>sam<strong>en</strong>te estudiados <strong>en</strong><strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s ci<strong>en</strong>cias sociales. Este artículo reve<strong>la</strong> un poco <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong>,controversias y disputas teóricas <strong>de</strong>trás <strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong>lincu<strong>en</strong>te más conocido <strong>en</strong> Criminología.A<strong>de</strong>más, El Jack-Roller ilustra <strong>el</strong> cuadro más amplio <strong>de</strong> ma<strong>la</strong> conductaprofesional <strong>en</strong>tre ci<strong>en</strong>tíficos sociales y <strong>la</strong>s instituciones académicas <strong>en</strong><strong>la</strong> explotación <strong>de</strong> un individuo <strong>de</strong> c<strong>la</strong>se baja <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> proceso <strong>de</strong> investigación.——————————————————————————————————————————————Subtema / Subteme 13Pueblos originarios, memoria, política e <strong>historia</strong><strong>oral</strong> / Natives people, memory, politics and OralHistorySa<strong>la</strong> D - Mesa / Session 77Coordinan / Chair: Dora E. Bor<strong>de</strong>garay——————————————————————————————————————————————RODRIGUEZ e SILVA, Josib<strong>el</strong>Historia <strong>oral</strong> <strong>de</strong> vida, memoria y narrativa <strong>de</strong> unamujer indíg<strong>en</strong>a <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Amazonia <strong>en</strong> una misión salesiana<strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> Alto Río NegroLas misiones salesianas se consolidaron como escue<strong>la</strong>s oficiales <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> proceso<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong>l Alto Rio Negro. Su pres<strong>en</strong>cia g<strong>en</strong>eró interfer<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>actividad social y r<strong>el</strong>igiosa, vista por los misionarios como base insustituible<strong>de</strong> progreso y civilización, sus consecu<strong>en</strong>cias <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> construcción social <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>región son percibidas hasta <strong>la</strong> contemporaneidad. Este estudio pres<strong>en</strong>ta <strong>la</strong> narrativa<strong>de</strong> una mujer indíg<strong>en</strong>a, consi<strong>de</strong>rando su <strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> vida <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> contexto<strong>de</strong> su viv<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> internado <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> misión salesiana localizada <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> municipio<strong>de</strong> Santa Izab<strong>el</strong> do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas (Brasil). Sônia, mi madre, fuealumna <strong>de</strong>l internado <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> antigua Escue<strong>la</strong> Normal Rural María Auxiliadora,<strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> período <strong>de</strong> 1970 a 1976, actualm<strong>en</strong>te <strong>la</strong> misión es <strong>de</strong>nominada <strong>de</strong> Esco<strong>la</strong>Estadual Santa Izab<strong>el</strong>. El estímulo para <strong>la</strong> realización <strong>de</strong> este estudio se dio con<strong>la</strong>s <strong>historia</strong>s contadas por <strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong>, <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>s cuales surgieron asuntos re<strong>la</strong>cionados a<strong>la</strong> r<strong>el</strong>igiosidad y trabajo <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> internado, <strong>el</strong> cotidiano <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> escue<strong>la</strong>, los mom<strong>en</strong>tos<strong>de</strong> alegría con <strong>la</strong>s amigas, así como <strong>de</strong> tristeza y angustia <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> institución<strong>de</strong> <strong>en</strong>señanza. Por eso, esta investigación está int<strong>en</strong>sam<strong>en</strong>te re<strong>la</strong>cionada consu memoria acerca <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vida <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> misión. Por tanto, <strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong> es sujeto <strong>de</strong> <strong>historia</strong>,parte indisp<strong>en</strong>sable <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> construcción <strong>de</strong>l conocimi<strong>en</strong>to, que dio orig<strong>en</strong> a esteestudio. No fue nuestro objetivo corroborar los datos <strong>de</strong> una <strong>historia</strong> oficia<strong>la</strong>cerca <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s misiones y sus re<strong>la</strong>ciones con <strong>la</strong>s socieda<strong>de</strong>s, mas sí conocer ycompr<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> vida <strong>de</strong> una mujer que construyó su propia <strong>historia</strong>.Buscamos, valorizar <strong>la</strong>s re<strong>la</strong>ciones basadas <strong>en</strong> su visión <strong>de</strong> mundo, <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>s formas<strong>de</strong> resist<strong>en</strong>cia, <strong>en</strong> los apr<strong>en</strong>dizajes y experi<strong>en</strong>cias que interfirieron <strong>en</strong> sus<strong>el</strong>ecciones <strong>de</strong> vida.Pa<strong>la</strong>bras-c<strong>la</strong>ve: Historia <strong>oral</strong> <strong>de</strong> vida, mujer indíg<strong>en</strong>a, misión salesiana.The Salesian missions, for a long time, were consolidated as official schools inthe <strong>de</strong>v<strong>el</strong>opm<strong>en</strong>t process of the Upper Rio Negro. Their pres<strong>en</strong>ce contributedto the r<strong>el</strong>igious activity, se<strong>en</strong> by missionaries as irrep<strong>la</strong>ceable basis of progressand civilizations, its consequ<strong>en</strong>ces on the social construction of the region areperceived to the contemporaneity. This study pres<strong>en</strong>ts the narrative of an indig<strong>en</strong>ouswoman, consi<strong>de</strong>ring her life story in the context of her experi<strong>en</strong>ceat boarding school of the Salesian mission in the city of Santa Izab<strong>el</strong> do RioNegro, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Sonia, my mother was a boar<strong>de</strong>r in the oldschool “Esco<strong>la</strong> Normal Rural Maria Auxiliadora” in the period of 1970 to 1976,today the mission is called “Esco<strong>la</strong> Estadual Santa Izab<strong>el</strong>”. The impetus forthis study occurred with the stories told by her, whose memories of schoollife always permeated our conversations, in which surfaced issues re<strong>la</strong>ted to65

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