Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...

Sesiones paralelas / Parallel sessionsmediante entrevistas orales, los testimonios de sus protagonistas y crear unarchivo oral que permita reconstruir el papel que estos profesionales jugaronen la dictadura, así como la responsabilidad en la transformación de un estamentocrucial en la instauración de un régimen democrático. La recogidade testimonios de vida permitirá además, analizar las trayectorias vitales deestos profesionales que demostraron un gran coraje al arriesgar su carrera enaras de la lucha antifranquista.“Justicia Democrática” was an illegal association of judges and public prosecutorsthat arose in Spain in the seventies and had a special incidence in the legalcircles of Franco´s regime. It is one of the social movements that proliferated inthe last years of the dictatorship, and it played a decisive role, both inside andoutside Spain, in the erosion and loss of prestige of the worn out dictatorship.The judicature along with the military was a fundamental pillar of support to theregime. The courts of Public Order, created with a repressive purpose of socialconstraint, were the most effective resource to restrain the dissidence. It is hardlysurprising that the judicature was mostly loyal to the Caudillo. Nevertheless, agroup of judges and public prosecutors had the courage to associate in order totry to resist this influence. Their social prestige provided their dissidence with agreat repercussion, and their contacts with foreign colleagues helped them withtheir denunciations outside Spain.This communication presents the starting point of a very ambitious project ofthe research group of Oral History of the UCM whose aim is to recover, by meansof oral interviews, the testimonies that will allow the reconstruction of the rolethat those professionals played in the restoration of democracy. The collection oftheir life testimonies will show their great courage when they risked their careerfor the sake of the fight against Franco.ALONSO, FabianaVida cotidiana y clandestinización. La formación deMontoneros en Santa Fe (1967-1970)Al periodizar los años transcurridos entre 1955 y 1973 en la Argentina, Gordillo(2003) adopta como criterio el paso de una cultura política de resistencia aotra de confrontación e identifica, entre 1959 y 1969, una etapa de resistenciay protesta obreras a la par de la conformación de actores juveniles; desde 1969hasta fines de 1970, la formación de movimientos de oposición al régimen militar;y entre 1971 y 1973, una etapa signada por el pasaje a la acción política, condistintas formas de expresión, entre las cuales la violencia cobraría un lugarcentral. Puede decirse que, en la Argentina, la mayoría de quienes fueron partícipesrelevantes de lo que hoy denominamos violencia política vivieron suinfancia durante el primer peronismo, su adolescencia en los años de la crisisinstitucional iniciada en 1955, y su incorporación a la política en los años delrégimen de la revolución argentina.Esta ponencia aborda el proceso de formación de células en la ciudad de SantaFe, del que fueron protagonistas jóvenes de los ámbitos universitario y sindical,quienes optaron por incorporarse al peronismo y a la organización políticomilitar Montoneros, que en 1970 hizo su aparición pública con el secuestrodel ex presidente de facto Aramburu. Para realizar este trabajo me valgo de laprensa local y de testimonios orales. Dos criterios guiaron la selección de losentrevistados: la militancia en tres agrupaciones (Ateneo Universitario, Movimientode Estudiantes de la Universidad Católica y Acción Sindical Argentina) apartir de las cuales se inició la clandestinización, y la incorporación a las célulasa partir de relaciones con miembros de las agrupaciones mencionadas.——————————————————————————————————————————————Subtema / Subteme 6Memoria, historia oral y dictaduras / Memory, OralHistory and dictatorshipsSala Héctor P. Agosti - Mesa / Session 30Coordinan / Chair: Melisa SLATMAN y Florencia RODRIGUEZ——————————————————————————————————————————————MELLO LAZARINI, Fabiane LeticiaZlín up Batayporã: aspects of colonization in southeasternMato Grosso (1940-1960)The 40’s were marked by geopolitical project in Brazil known as the March tothe West. Proposed during the Vargas Era and led by the world scene, surroundedthe conflicts of World War II, this project was developed on the idea ofcolonization of empty spaces, known in hinterlands of Brazil. Covered in thishistorical moment, several settlement projects would be undertaken in thesoutheastern region of Mato Grosso, as well as in São Paulo west.Among these projects, was one that would lead to the present city of SouthMato Grosso of Batayporã, designed by Jan Antonin Bata shoe business sectorand other sectors, which suffered the effects of persecution that began whenthey gave Nazi occupation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.Despite the complexity of the sociocultural place / space, object of this research,resulting from the ethnic mix of components, the presence of migrants,and their specific character and economic history, contributed to the productionof oral sources, through the use of life trajectories, as method, often becauseof lack of documentation, often in poor condition, in Czech language ordispersed.The development of this proposal is the main objective of understandingthe process of immigration and colonization of the region belonging to thesouthern state of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul today, which resulted inthe formation of a core of colonization, then immediately transformed into thecity of Batayporã. The field work, through the use of resources and proceduresof oral history, along with the compilation and analysis of documents that arescattered with families and the first inhabitants of the municipality, who stillreside there, allowed the first reflections of this work.CARDINA, MiguelTorture, imprisonment, silences. Radical oppositionand political repression during the Portuguese dictatorshipThis paper aims at examining the tension between the repressive dynamicsin place during the Estado Novo (New State) Portuguese dictatorship (1933-1974), and the types of behavior — either expected or actual — under tortureand questioning, as well as in subsequent prison environment. The first questionto be raised is how the Portuguese left with Maoist roots dealt, between1964 and 1974, with the so called “issue of conduct”, meaning “talking” or “nottalking” while in prison and subjected to torture. On the other hand, it is intendedto demonstrate how this issue persisted throughout time and what kind ofrelationship can be established between torture, silence and memory. Finally,it will be shown how the conflict opposing Maoists and Communists inside theprison fits into in the dynamics of ideological disagreement that set both currentsagainst each other in those years.NICHOLLS LOPEANDÍA, NancyThe FASIC Testimonial Archive of the Repression,1975-1990: ¿Is it possible to narrate the testimony oftorture?Si bien existe un acopio importante de testimonios de personas que sufrieronla represión en sus distintas formas bajo dictadura militar en Chile, expresadoen variados soportes y registros, esta ponencia indaga en la imposibilidaddel testimonio entre las víctimas de violación a los derechos humanos. Paraello, se analizarán fragmentos testimoniales tanto del Archivo Testimonial dela Represión FASIC (1973-1990), como de otras recopilaciones orales, que demanera escueta, casi tangencial, se refieren a dicha imposibilidad. La no enunciacióndel testimonio se entenderá como una fractura no enmendada del proyectode vida del sujeto víctima de represión, que evidentemente respondea la no elaboración del trauma. Sin embargo, considerando este elementofundamental en el plano psicológico, se buscará situar y problematizar la noenunciación en el contexto histórico de la post-dictadura que no la favorece eincluso la impide. De este modo, se indagará en las huellas aún palpables delterrorismo de estado, en un plano psico-social pero también histórico, uno decuyos indicios está constituido por una memoria subterránea, leída a contrapelo,o abiertamente contenida, sin cauce narrativo.La imposibilidad del testimonio, entonces, buscará arrojar luz a la complejaconfiguración de la post-dictadura que ha heredado nudos no resueltos en elplano de la memoria individual y colectiva.URBÁŠEK, PavelMilitary service in Czechoslovakia (1969–1989).Czech Society during the So-Called Normalization and Transformation viaThis research is a part of a broader research project with the title Czech societyin the era of the so called normalization and transformation: biographicaccounts. The main holder of the project is the Centre for Oral History of theInstitute of Contemporary History of the Academy of Science in Prague.The aim of our research task Compulsory military service in the former Czechoslovakia(1969–1989) is a complex analysis of this field in the last twenty years ofthe socialist regime existence in Czechoslovakia, i.e. between 1968 and 1989.We plan to utilize written resources (archive documents, army prescriptions,newspapers, magazines), as well as interviews with men who attended armyservice within the chosen time frame.58