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Los retos de la historia oral en el siglo XXI: diversidades ...

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Sesiones parale<strong>la</strong>s / Parall<strong>el</strong> sessionsbution to Australian society yet maintain their unique cultural i<strong>de</strong>ntity againsta backdrop of severe trauma, diaspora, human rights vio<strong>la</strong>tion, viol<strong>en</strong>ce, lossof home<strong>la</strong>nd, extreme financial duress and starting anew in a foreign country.Tw<strong>en</strong>ty sev<strong>en</strong> people were interviewed and these are avai<strong>la</strong>ble online alongwith images, sound bites and the digital story.http://<strong>oral</strong>history.sydneyinstitute.wikispaces.net/Sudanese+people+in+the+Suther<strong>la</strong>nd+Shire+-+a+moving+community%2C+<strong>oral</strong>+history+projectWithin the title of the project are the words – a Moving Community. This refersto the reality that not only are the <strong>oral</strong> testimonies of the Sudanese refugees<strong>de</strong>eply moving because they recall life in wartime Sudan and all its repercussions,but that Sudanese people have moved around Africa seeking freedomfrom fear war and civil unrest, th<strong>en</strong> a move as refugees to Australia and movingagain within Australia in efforts to re-establish their lives.NGUYEN-TA, OanhMemories of a Vietnam War SurvivorThe Narrator was 68 year old female Vietnamese. She left South Viet Nam on4/30/1975. Her age indicated that she was born 4 years before the <strong>en</strong>d of theFr<strong>en</strong>ch Colonial Period (1883-1945) and had be<strong>en</strong> experi<strong>en</strong>ced 2 wars: the firstIndochina War (1946-1954) and the VietNam War (1961-1975).The Narrator did not <strong>de</strong>scribe these wars in <strong>de</strong>tail but her life and her family lifeduring and after these wars. Her family life inclu<strong>de</strong>d her own and her ext<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>dfamily in Viet Nam and in the USA, her second home<strong>la</strong>nd due to her migrationto the USA. This migration was not her first choice. She b<strong>el</strong>ieved that it wasdue to her Super Power’s arrangem<strong>en</strong>t. This b<strong>el</strong>ief was also the tool to h<strong>el</strong>pher to <strong>de</strong>al with the post-war trauma, to cope with the cultural shock and toprosper socially within the mainstream in the USA.The narrator’s story was recor<strong>de</strong>d in a special way. The interviewer was avolunteer at a Hospice in Southern California, USA. The story <strong>la</strong>sted threehours but most of this time was for the narrator. The interviewer asked veryfew questions in or<strong>de</strong>r to c<strong>la</strong>rify the narrator’s story which was recor<strong>de</strong>d un<strong>de</strong>ra Hospice program. Note that the Hospice is an organization which provi<strong>de</strong>ssupport services for terminal ill pati<strong>en</strong>ts and their family. Therefore, there isthe issue of methodology of archiving memory: Can other disciplines in themedical and social works fi<strong>el</strong>d archive successfully others’ memories?The project principal is an in<strong>de</strong>p<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>nt researcher. She graduated from theUniversity of Houston, Texas with a Master Degree in Social Work (MSW). She isalso Lic<strong>en</strong>sed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW).She was chos<strong>en</strong> to pres<strong>en</strong>t her papers at the IOHA Confer<strong>en</strong>ces in Sydney(7/2006), Guada<strong>la</strong>jara (9/2008) and Prague (7/2010).——————————————————————————————————————————————Espacio Virrey Liniers——————————————————————————————————————————————MESA PANEL 9I<strong>de</strong>ntida<strong>de</strong>s étnicas, re<strong>la</strong>to histórico y transmisióng<strong>en</strong>eracionalA cargo <strong>de</strong>:Dora Bor<strong>de</strong>garayPan<strong>el</strong>istas: Gabrie<strong>la</strong> Novaro y Marc<strong>el</strong>o Valko——————————————————————————————————————————————16.45 a 17 – Coffee Break——————————————————————————————————————————————17 a 19 horasC<strong>en</strong>tro Cultural G<strong>en</strong>eral San Martín——————————————————————————————————————————————Sa<strong>la</strong> A-BGrupos <strong>de</strong> interés——————————————————————————————————————————————C<strong>en</strong>tro <strong>de</strong> Estudios y Formación Marxista——————————————————————————————————————————————Subtema / Subteme 12Migraciones, memorias <strong>de</strong>l exilio, diásporas, y <strong>la</strong>hu<strong>el</strong><strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s fronteras <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> memoria / Migration,Exhile, Disaporas, and Bor<strong>de</strong>r<strong>la</strong>ndsMesa / Session 49Coordinan / Chair: Soledad Lastra y Migu<strong>el</strong> Ga<strong>la</strong>nte——————————————————————————————————————————————FROTSCHER, Méri y STEIN, Marcos NestorTrauma, res<strong>en</strong>timi<strong>en</strong>to y recuerdo <strong>en</strong> fu<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>oral</strong>es<strong>de</strong> sobrevivi<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Segunda Guerra MundialLa pon<strong>en</strong>cia pret<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong> examinar aspectos re<strong>la</strong>tivos a <strong>la</strong> construcción e interpretación<strong>de</strong> fu<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>oral</strong>es <strong>de</strong> personas que sufrieron traumas <strong>en</strong> razón<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tomamos como base registros <strong>oral</strong>es <strong>de</strong> unasobrevivi<strong>en</strong>te, resi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong> una colonia <strong>de</strong> refugiados alemanes <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> exYugos<strong>la</strong>via <strong>en</strong> Brasil, a distintos <strong>en</strong>trevistadores y bajo varios propósitos ycircunstancias. Después <strong>de</strong> haber sobrevivido <strong>el</strong> asesinato <strong>en</strong> masa <strong>de</strong> losl<strong>la</strong>mados “Suabios <strong>de</strong>l Danubio”, perpetrados por los partisanos comandadospor <strong>el</strong> Mariscal Tito <strong>en</strong> represalia a <strong>la</strong> co<strong>la</strong>boración al ejército nazi, <strong>la</strong><strong>en</strong>trevistada fue <strong>de</strong>portada a Ucrania, don<strong>de</strong> vivió confinada <strong>en</strong> campo <strong>de</strong>trabajo forzado. Después <strong>de</strong> reunirse con su familia, emigraron a Brasil, <strong>en</strong>1951, con <strong>la</strong> ayuda <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Schweizer Europa-Hilfe. La migración <strong>de</strong> un grupo <strong>de</strong>refugiados alemanes para un mismo lugar y los investimi<strong>en</strong>tos <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> construcción<strong>de</strong> una memoria colectiva, <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> colonia, han creado variosespacios para <strong>la</strong> rememoración <strong>de</strong>l pasado, <strong>en</strong> que traumáticas experi<strong>en</strong>ciasy res<strong>en</strong>timi<strong>en</strong>tos fueron instrum<strong>en</strong>talizados, disonancias borradas, hechossil<strong>en</strong>ciados. Neste <strong>en</strong>quadrami<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> memoria, <strong>en</strong>trevistas estructuradasy dirigidas fueran editadas y publicadas <strong>en</strong> periodico local. Entrevista <strong>de</strong><strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> vida, no estructurada, realizada con <strong>la</strong> <strong>en</strong>trevistada permitió darcu<strong>en</strong>ta <strong>de</strong> cómo algunos trazos <strong>de</strong> experi<strong>en</strong>cias traumáticas individuales seconformaran a <strong>la</strong> <strong>historia</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> “comunidad”, pero también como és difícilrememorar otros trazos.MANGIANTINI, Martín Ezequi<strong>el</strong>La Brigada Simón Bolívar. La participación <strong>de</strong>l trotskismoarg<strong>en</strong>tino <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> Revolución SandinistaEl golpe <strong>de</strong> Estado <strong>de</strong> 1976 obligó a <strong>la</strong>s organizaciones revolucionarias arg<strong>en</strong>tinasa una re<strong>de</strong>finición táctica y metodológica sobre cuál era <strong>la</strong> formamás apropiada <strong>de</strong> actuar políticam<strong>en</strong>te <strong>en</strong> una coyuntura extremadam<strong>en</strong>terepresiva. El Partido Socialista <strong>de</strong> los Trabajadores (PST) fue una <strong>de</strong> esas estructuraspolíticas que, ante <strong>la</strong> llegada <strong>de</strong>l terrorismo <strong>de</strong> Estado, <strong>de</strong>sarrollósu tarea militante <strong>en</strong> diversos países <strong>la</strong>tinoamericanos. Su objetivo era doble.Por un <strong>la</strong>do, int<strong>en</strong>tó preservar <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> represión estatal a sus refer<strong>en</strong>tespolíticos. Por otro <strong>la</strong>do, pret<strong>en</strong>dió profundizar un trabajo político internacionalya <strong>de</strong>splegado anteriorm<strong>en</strong>te. La tarea militante <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>el</strong> extranjerotuvo <strong>el</strong> objetivo <strong>de</strong> construir una corri<strong>en</strong>te política internacional e injerir<strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>s respectivas coyunturas locales a través <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> militancia <strong>en</strong> los paísesreceptores. En <strong>el</strong> pres<strong>en</strong>te trabajo se abordará <strong>la</strong> participación política <strong>en</strong>Nicaragua <strong>en</strong> don<strong>de</strong> esta corri<strong>en</strong>te política se insertó <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> proceso revolucionariosandinista contra <strong>la</strong> dictadura <strong>de</strong> Somoza con <strong>la</strong> conformación <strong>de</strong>una Brigada Internacional impulsada <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> Colombia que tuvo como objetivo<strong>la</strong> participación <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong>rrocami<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> dictadura sin que <strong>el</strong>lo implicarauna subordinación acrítica a <strong>la</strong> dirección sandinista. La aus<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> fu<strong>en</strong>tesescritas más allá <strong>de</strong> ciertos docum<strong>en</strong>tos c<strong>la</strong>n<strong>de</strong>stinos o <strong>de</strong> algunos escritosposteriores, obligó a <strong>la</strong> reconstrucción <strong>de</strong> esta participación a partir <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>realización <strong>de</strong> <strong>en</strong>trevistas con los dos arg<strong>en</strong>tinos integrantes <strong>de</strong> esta Brigada.El objetivo <strong>de</strong> este trabajo recaerá <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> construcción histórica <strong>de</strong>l proceso<strong>de</strong> conformación, <strong>de</strong>sarrollo y disolución <strong>de</strong> esta Brigada a través <strong>de</strong>l re<strong>la</strong>to<strong>de</strong> sus protagonistas y, parale<strong>la</strong>m<strong>en</strong>te, <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s percepciones e imág<strong>en</strong>es que,treinta años <strong>de</strong>spués, éstos conservaron.111

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