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shares received (restricted or unrestricted) pursuant to each firm’s equitycompensation plan, among others.Research Data and MethodologyThe equity compensation data for the Announcing firms was manually obtainedfrom their annual (10-K) reports and/or their proxy statements, if available. Theexpected type of changes to a firm’s Equity compensation plan include a changein the type of employees eligible to receive stock option grants, changing thecriteria to become eligible to receive stock options, e.g. performance-based,replacing stock options for some other type of stock award, changing the optionvaluation model, and acceleration of vesting, among others. After reading theStock option plans footnote on the financial statements of the Announcing andthe Matching firms, the firms that reported changes were then subdivideddepending on the type of change reported to ascertain the nature and frequencyof such changes.To measure whether the Announcing or the Non-Announcing (Matching) firmsmade any changes to their stock option plans required manually collecting thedata from the 2006 Annual Proxy statements (SEC Schedule 14A) and thefootnotes section of their annual audited financial statements (SEC 10-K Report).The year 2006 is used for calendar year-reporting firms because the SECestablished that the first quarter of 2006 (March 31) would be the first requiredreporting period to present the expensing of its stock options. For companieswhose fiscal year-end is not a calendar year, the investigation uses the firm’s2007 fiscal year (10-K) report, e.g. 9-30-07. In addition, on July 26, 2006, theSEC also established additional required disclosure requirements related toexecutive compensation. The additional disclosures will help explain to the usersof financial statements the changes made by firms to their stock option plans andpossibly suggest reasons for the shift in their approach to employee (executive)compensation.11
Sample selection for Empirical testsThe firms included in this investigation were selected from a list originallycompiled by Bear Stearns as of February 12, 2004 and provided by Mr. Brett J.Harsen of Mellon Human Resources and Investor Solutions (Available uponrequest). Said list identified the 483 firms (with their related Ticker symbols) thatwere expensing their stock options or had announced that they would expensetheir stock options as of that date. The firms that were expensing or hadannounced they were going to expense options as of February 12, 2004, are the“Announcing firms”. The firms that were not expensing or had not announcedthey were going to expense options as of February 12, 2004, are known as the“Non-Announcing” or Matching firms and are included in another sample (the“Control” group).Using the same approach adopted by Elayan, Pukthuanthong and Roll (2004),hereafter referred to as E-P-R, each Announcing firm is matched with a “Control”group firm that had employee stock option plans, is in the same industry (twodigitSIC codes), shares the same fiscal year-end, have similar size (comparableSales) and profitability levels. The latter variable is measured with the sameapproach used by E-P-R (2004), i.e. with the ratio of EBITDA to Sales (hereafter,the “ES ratio”).The Announcing firms were initially subdivided and grouped based on theirannouncement dates and the year of adoption of the fair value (expensing)method of accounting for options using December 15, 2002, the effective date forSFAS No. 148 (Voluntary recognition of stock option expensing) as the cutoffdate. The 11 firms that were expensing options prior to January 1, 2002 wereexcluded from the event study because the exact announcement date wasavailable for only one of those firms. Firms that had subsequently merged with orwere acquired by another firm or were non-US companies were also excluded.Other firms were also excluded due to their privatization (stockholder buyout),12
Page 2 and 3: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES I
Page 4 and 5: ABSTRACTThe Financial Accounting St
Page 6: Restricted stock grants provide man
Page 9 and 10: December 15, 2002, i.e. for compani
Page 11: Semerdzhian (2004) found that certa
Page 15 and 16: y changing the selection method to
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 2Number of Equity Compensatio
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 4 (A) Changes to the Equity C
Page 21: awarding stock options to employees
Page 24 and 25: REFERENCESBarron, John M. and Glen
Page 26 and 27: Análisis Comprensivo de la Inciden
Page 29 and 30: pagar el impuesto anualmente, sólo
Page 31 and 32: Ingresos por bebidas alcohólicas 1
Page 33: primarias y secundarias de informac
Page 36 and 37: y una variable continua que denota
Page 38 and 39: -0.015334 0.154764 -0.099081-0.0049
Page 40 and 41: considera , continuando con y final
Page 42 and 43: existen factores con significación
Page 44 and 45: disminuye en 26.9% si el bien inmue
Page 46 and 47: REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICASAaron, H
Page 48 and 49: 7TH Quest Conference for Global Com
Page 50 and 51: Las crisis económicas se presentan
Page 52 and 53: ancos aportaban al sistema (Marcus
Page 54 and 55: Objetivos de InvestigaciónEl riesg
Page 56 and 57: MetodologíaPara llevar a cabo las
Page 58 and 59: Análisis de DatosLa variable depen
Page 60 and 61: determinar si el riesgo del banco e
Page 62 and 63:
Tabla 5. Medidas estadísticas de r
Page 64 and 65:
La reducción gradual de la proporc
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ResultadosDespués de aplicar las r
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Modelo 1: MCO, usando las observaci
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y VEVI son variables en donde los c
Page 72 and 73:
ConclusionesLos ratios financieros
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Kane, E.J., 1995. “Three Paradigm
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• ABSTRACTReducing emissions of g
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Obtención por la empresadesde la m
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señala que es necesario revisar y
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La secuencia de una inversión en D
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de información públicaElaboració
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EntidadOperacionalDesignadaAnálisi
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d) La necesidad o no de acudir a un
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Una vez calculadas las unidades de
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c) Agilizan la coordinación y comu
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El estudio de la viabilidad legal d
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y análisis de sensibilidad elabora
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casos, los análisis convencionales
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VII. CONCLUSIONESLos proyectos de d
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Coase, R. H. (1960): The Problem of
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IMPACT OF US HACCP REGULATION ON EX
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TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT .........
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1. INTRODUCTIONThere has been a not
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The potential positive impact remai
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where because of their content and
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Figure 1 Effect of Standards on wil
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Where; F ij is the attractive force
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That is, I is a cumulative comparis
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of food businesses and transportati
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2.3 Microbiological CriteriaUS stan
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magnitude and direction of the impa
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Fish Consumption2001). There may al
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have had a negative impact on expor
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Hufbauer, G, Kotschwar, B, & Wilson
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8. APPENDICESAppendix 1- US and EU
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Muscle meat of swordfish 0.1Crustac
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Benchmarking for International Comp
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IntroductionThere is little doubt t
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and, the strategy, structure and ri
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Source: Cho, D-A & Moon, H-C (2006)
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For competitiveness analysis, the I
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anking were drawn exclusively from
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Land area measured in 000’ hectar
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the GDP, increase the export of loc
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Local supplier quantity- Survey Dat
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counterparts. The quality of manage
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Productivity -Manufacturing: % of G
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HDI- ScoreSource: UNDP Human Develo
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Jamaica, unfortunately have had a l
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productivity. The implication for s
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Factores que Influyen en el Consumi
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IntroducciónEn los últimos veinte
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Aunque el impacto positivo de las i
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En la literatura actual relacionada
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ofrece un vivo ejemplo de arraigo a
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Sin embargo, ni en la clasificació
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Análisis de DatosLos resultados de
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En relación a los patrones de cons
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justa a los artistas. Además, poco
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Así, se refuerza que la edad es un
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precio razonable para un disco comp
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ConclusionesLos objetivos de este a
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Matos, N. 2007. La conducta de comp
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRSOBRE LOS AUTORESFÉ
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRINTRODUCCIONImportan
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ESTUDIO CUBA PREl 72.3% de la pobla
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ESTUDIO CUBA PREl puerto más impor
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRTabla 3. Principales
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRplantas generadores
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLa continua desvalor
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ESTUDIO CUBA PROPORTUNIDADES SECTOR
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR5. Banco Financiero
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR2. Banca hipotecaria
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLas aplicaciones de
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRtres pisos necesitan
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRIndustria de Aliment
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRcongeladaCamarón en
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRDextrana ND 450,000
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLa industria se cara
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLa industria de conf
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRcubanos dominan otro
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR5. Colaboración en
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRreportando 2.3 millo
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR3. Posee 4,347 milla
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRprohibido para ellos
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRTabla 13. Región Or
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ESTUDIO CUBA PREl Oriente cubano pu
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR5. En concreto y bas
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRMinisterio de la Ind
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2PERFIL DEL EGRESADO DE LOS PROGRAM
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4competencias que fundamenten los c
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6Este proyecto, meritorio en muchas
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8profesional sino, más generalment
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10METODOLOGIAInstrumentoEste estudi
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12Factor PrincipalPoco más de la t
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14Este factor resalta la orientaci
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16Las premisas secundarias reflejan
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18problemas concretos y en menor me
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20del total de premisas presentadas
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22Pareceria que de alguna manera vi
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24Conocimiento Concreto, Integridad
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26DISCUSION DE RESULTADOSLos result
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28mención aparte. Las premisas rel
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30de lo que otros estudios habían
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Porter, L. W. & McKibbin, L. E., (1
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AbstractIn any enterprise, it is de
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efore his people could do their bes
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George called Frank into his office
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well liked and respected throughout
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George was devastated, as anyone wo
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since the time she herself had firs
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they would be ready to accept the n
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The others, unfortunately, were not
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adjusting the machine, which skewed
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The workers were handpicked and hig
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To make this run chart into a contr
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In this case, there is a data point
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It should be obvious by now that se
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In real life systems, do we sometim
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The governance of our businesses, s
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Competitive priorities of high and
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Deshmukh, 2001, pp. 884) that manuf
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within the production process helps
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Figure 2: Descriptive statistics of
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Table 2: Division of the sample acc
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Figure 4: Rise and fall in producti
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same is true for middle performers
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Figure 9: The difference in usage o
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performance measures, then one shou
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Flynn, B.B., Flynn, E.J. (2004),
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El Efecto del País de Origen en la
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IntroducciónEl desarrollo de estra
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estructuras que son desarrollados p
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H1: El efecto del país de origen e
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un vinculo patriótico hacia una na
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no patrióticos, los productos extr
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actitudes hacia la guerra. Mientras
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por Internet. La muestra final fue
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los menos etnocentristas, patriotas
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para Puerto Rico (.573), España (.
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(2003) quienes señalan que el impa
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de Mooij, M. (2004) Consumer Behavi
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Marin, C.E. & Miquel, S. (1997). Ev
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Tabla 1Promedio en los niveles de E
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Tabla 4Análisis de Correlación de
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Education as strategy for global co
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IntroductionStudies conducted over
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entrepreneurship as any attempt to
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expectation entrepreneurial activit
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ased on their personal experiences
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collection, a decision was made to
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those relevant concepts and to be m
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Table 1: Examples of Opportunities
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and entrepreneurial issues as a key
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the entrepreneurial functions tend
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ReferencesAcs, Z. B. (2009). The Kn
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Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Cons
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UNIVERSIDAD DE PUERTO RICORECINTO D
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1. INTRODUCCIÓNLa estandarización
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imponen a las dos partes obligacion
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Para ilustrar las razones de sus du
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A la vista de esta situación y tra
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egistros que genera son comparables
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Por ejemplo, los aseguradores de ri
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La evaluación del impacto ambienta
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A la vista de los datos anteriores,
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Por otra parte del total de proyect
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características de la flora y la f
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Así por ejemplo, según se refleja
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proyectos suponen una disminución
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Direción General de Protección Ci
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Unión Europea 2000 a, Data for sho
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La Competitividad Internacional de
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vertiginosamente. De ahí la pertin
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más económicos va a ser convenien
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Del 1987 al 2002 los datos de expor
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Fuente: Porter, Michael E. (1990) L
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1987 - 2005Fuente: Cómputos de la
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productividad, lo cual requeriría
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Tabla 2: Industrias Competitivas en
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VIII.AnálisisPuerto Rico ha tenido
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En el 1987 existían diversos incen
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Puerto Rico, además, cuenta con ec
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En sectores industriales relacionad
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de esta industria ha sido su perita
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Un socio importante de las industri
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IX.ConclusionesPuerto Rico cada dí
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Consejo de Educación Superior. (ma
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Vega-Rosado, L. L. (2005). “La Co
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Are Domestic and International Food
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usiness f ormat f ranch is in g 3 ,
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T he l iterature review i n cluded
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H 2B: O lder f ranch iso r s ’ (
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f inancial perf ormance repre senta
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d is cussin g choice of Law/Venue.
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poorly in any of our 14 points pre
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s cheme had a total of 1 4 quest io
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V a r i a b l eO p t i o n sN a t i
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O ve ra ll, we a re of the opin ion
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H y p o t h e s i s C h i - S q u a
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ConclusionsA cco rd in g to the r e
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F edera l T ra de C ommission. 2009
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Cultural Impact on Management Style
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Page 474 and 475:
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Page 482 and 483:
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IntroductionCaribbean governments a
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other Caribbean authors, commentato
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while at the same time, enabling th
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invited to reject the EPAs and cont
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CEO of Barbados Private Sector Trad
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Fourth, after obtaining the respons
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process. In that connection, CARICO
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of CARICOM, except Guyana, opted to
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[7] Caribbean Regional Negotiating
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IntroducciónLos negocios internaci
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categorías específicas de ropa y
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miles de millones, sobrepasando las
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Comportamiento de las Exportaciones
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En esta misma tabla se puede notar
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Los países de Centroamérica: Hond
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mexicana de capitalizar éxitos e i
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Las cantidades de países más impo
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Los subcapítulos del cuadro anteri
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Por estas cifras y su alta particip
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de entre los 20 países exportadore
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Blázquez-Lidoy, Jorge, Javier Rodr
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United States International Trade C
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Tabla # 4:RELACIÓN DEL 70% DE SUB
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Keywords: stimulus, incentives, tra
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This study presents the first known
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education groups and is deeper for
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Many factors have contributed to th
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Organizational ecology theory deals
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showed no effect overall. Overall,
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difficulties arose while gathering
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Related to the prerequisite of taki
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attempt is done to measure in real
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ConclusionSection 5. Conclusion and
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Workforce Investment Act (WIA), als
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Birch, D. (1981) “Who Creates Job
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Sharma Ravi Teja, (2010), Happy New
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i) Own _____________ii) Provided un
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EL NEGOCIO DE INTERCAMBIO (BARTER)E
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Quest conference, UPR 3N uestra, a
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Quest conference, UPR 5pája ro s r
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Quest conference, UPR 7D esd e u n
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Quest conference, UPR 9de un m i ll
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Quest conference, UPR 11T abla 2: p
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Quest conference, UPR 13C on la com
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Quest conference, UPR 15ve z sea m
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Quest conference, UPR 17R e fere nc
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La Espiritualidad En El Lugar De Tr
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(Mitroff, 2003). Las personas no s
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individual será orientado hacia un
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las razones adecuadas, aunque esto
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piensa cooperativamente y/o altruis
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información sobre el tipo de organ
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ResultadosA continuación se presen
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Tabla 3 Definición de Espiritualid
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La religión es una expresión de l
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espeto, confidencialidad, compañer
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comunión espiritual con Dios, Papa
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mañanas oramos juntos. Una media h
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Cuando se les preguntó si conocía
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Las opiniones en cuanto a la tolera
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De acuerdo a Mitroff y Denton (1999
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BibliografíaAnonymous. 2001. “HR
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Ortiz González, L. Mayo 2002. “L
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2EL RAZONAMIENTO BIOETICO Y LA ORIE
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4acumulada al momento es contradict
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6de sus artículos. Desde entonces,
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8Todos los principios generales tie
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10grupos de interés de que las emp
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12obligaciones hacia diversos grupo
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14preguntas III a la VI se determin
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16indicativo de que los participant
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18El cuarto factor está compuesto
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20dimensiones económicas, aunque i
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22desacuerdo sugiriendo que los par
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24Tabla 8 - Correlaciones y Coefici
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26Las características más importa
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28le otorgan más importancia a la
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30Tabla 11 - Diferencias debido al
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32prioritariamente al cumplimiento
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34responsables por su sensibilidad
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O'Neill, H. M., C. B. Saunders and
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AbstractCorporate Social Responsibi
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Most of the literature mentions som
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profits. It has become an open syst
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Regarding private sector, independe
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Mexico where evidence was found of
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BrazilThe Latin American giant occu
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Motivations for CSR in BrazilThe Et
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are maintained in Latin America, wh
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among key stakeholders. Firms in se
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ReferencesAaronson, Susan A. & Reev
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Destrezas de Importancia en el Mane
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Porter (1985) describe a la ventaja
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puede concluir, que el sector de la
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H 3oH 4oNo existen diferencias en l
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4- Estilo de comunicación.5- Estab
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Destrezas técnicasDeterminar los o
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Destrezas organizacionales 3.94Esta
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Comparación de destrezasDestrezaMe
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3, se presenta una comparación ent
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Mediana de destrezasDestreza0-4 añ
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Estilo de comunicaciónEstablecimie
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Mediana de destrezasSinDestrezaCon
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Gerencia estratégicaLiderazgo del
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su empresa. Sin embargo, en el caso
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Lastrina, C. (2004). Strategic proj
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2AbstractThe objective of this pape
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42008). All three dimensions - envi
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6Sustainability reporting under pri
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8which social responsibility improv
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10Empirical Data Sources and Data S
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12Besides AGP, there are 15 additio
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14total debt to equity (TDE) - or l
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16The evidence generally suggests t
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18McPeak, C & Tooley, N 2008, „Do
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20Table 2Effect of Adherence to Glo
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Page 734 and 735:
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28Appendix BFigure 1. Residuals for
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Information Content of Pension Plan
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A severely underfunded pension plan
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The studies mentioned above find co
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proxies seem to have helped explain
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contributions, less benefits paid.
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eturns on different factors, includ
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19801982198419861988199019921994199
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the first portfolio have on average
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Table 3Descriptive StatisticsLong-T
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Table 4Time-Series Regressions Resu
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Table 6Time-Series Regressions Resu
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Table 8Three Factor ModelLong-Term
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most levered firms in portfolio for
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Table 11LTDR Portfolios Characteris
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The results suggest that investors
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Leland , H. E., and Pyle, D. H., (1
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AN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PARADOX:THE
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INTRODUCTIONThis paper analyzes how
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of local agents and explore their r
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networks of agents interacting in s
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Knowledge ecology, and its related
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entities, academic institutions, ve
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Data AnalysisWe collected and analy
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2. Social networks in the biotechno
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Northeast Ohio region.A top officia
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FIGURE 2:Finding 1.3: Networks amon
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FIGURE 3:Finding 2: Social Networks
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FIGURE 4:Finding 2.1: Financial Sup
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Finding 3.2 - Embedded knowledge pr
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development strategy of attracting
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examples of complex exchanges and c
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FIGURE 7:Revised Conceptual ModelRe
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compromised by the effects of time
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Braunerhjelm, P., & Feldman, M. 200
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Huggins, R. 2008. Regional Competit
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Schumpeter, J. 1939. Business cycle
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ABSTRACTThis paper employs gravity
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LIST OF APPENDICESAppendix 1- Resul
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Other factors influencing the incre
Page 816 and 817:
level of protection afforded by the
Page 818 and 819:
In addition to compliance costs, fi
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4. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHThe gravi
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Ln Dist it/jt is the Natural log of
Page 824 and 825:
5. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS5.1 Summary of
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For the US model, the elasticity of
Page 828 and 829:
Fish ConsumptionFish ConsumptionFis
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econometric studies and may be link
Page 832 and 833:
elasticity of demand for F&V is gre
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Bank 2005). However, they face a ga
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April 23, 2007http://muse.jhu.edu/j
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http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsie/Annual
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Appendix 2- Results of Estimation F
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2. CODEX General Standard for Food
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Table of ContentsAbstract .........
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IntroductionWe can ask ourselves: W
Page 848 and 849:
Marketing thought has gone through
Page 850 and 851:
companies to re-examine their marke
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Cultural EnvironmentCulture Defined
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Context is the background against w
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Even the though puertorrican art is
Page 858 and 859:
In 2003 The National Arts Marketing
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ConclusionThe marketing orientation
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ReferencesAlexander, R. S. 1962. Ma
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IMPACTO DE FACEBOOK Y OTRAS REDES D
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Impacto de Facebook y otras redes d
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II. ¿Qué son Sitios de Redes de C
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preguntamos, ¿puede un patrono leg
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(Enmienda a la Ley 100)ser victima
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contactos con el estado: otorgamien
Page 877 and 878:
“If a social networking site is u
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abogados de ambos bandos posicionan
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humanos. 29 Estando involucrada una
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empleado en el portal cibernético,
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