Abstract - Quest for Global Competitiveness - Universidad de Puerto ...

the entrepreneurial functions tend to vary between individualism and collectivismculture. Furthermore, the challenge is not the cultural orientation, but how individualsand organizations manage the resources and innovative efforts through contingentteamwork, pragmatic alliances, contractual links and relational ties, among others.Previous studies suggest that Puerto Rico is a collectivist society (Hofstede, 1980).Nevertheless, a more recent study shows that it could be a specific “self-ingroup,” notnecessarily affecting all ingroups (Triandis, Bontempo, Villareal, Asai, & Lucca, 1988).Taking into account that point of view, Puerto Rican entrepreneurs could be consideredas an ingroup based on their mutual goals, joint organizations, and shared environment.However, the results suggest that there are no ingroups behavior among them.Although they recognized each one, and organizations exist should unify theirrelationship, the linkages developed between them are very restricted. Such fragilenetworking, the study suggest is the result of an entrepreneurship environmentdominated by lifestyle entrepreneurs who think about their self-benefits, not the group orcountry’s well-being. Opposed to that point of view, those who have an entrepreneurialmindset have a sense of responsibility about what happens around them and also tendto cultivate a collaborative and solidary environment as an imperative entrepreneurialstrategy. Literature on Network Theory claims that the collaborative networks thatentrepreneurs were able to create are critical to innovation and technologicaldevelopment, start-up, and businesses continuity (Hoang & Antoncic, 2003).Guiso, Sapienza, & Zingales (2006) find that prior beliefs, values and preferencesare constructs will directly impact economic outcomes. Cultural capital, or the mindsetsuch as attitudes, values, aspirations and sense of self-efficacy, may influence theindividual behavior and the decision-making process over time. The research findingssuggest to facilitate the process to build a strong entrepreneurial environment, a changeon a cultural mindset through formal education might be a key piece to the puzzle. Toimprove the entrepreneurial strategic position, idiosyncratic changes are essential; and19