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This study presents the first known evaluation of any stimuluspackage provided in the island. Though a previous study wasimplemented, it is unpublished. Moreover, this study aims not only toprovide an accurate representation of the opinion and beliefs ofparticipants of the program but also to contribute to entrepreneurship byrecommending actions aimed at improving future programs. Even thoughthe sample is small and convenient, participating firms represent allbusiness sectors that are located island wide and are owned by personsof different gender and socioeconomic backgrounds. A potential benefitarises, also, from the comparison of this stimulus program to previouslocal programs, and to programs existing in other countries, thusbroadening this study scope.Theoretical FoundationSection 1. Causes for the high unemployment levels inPuerto Rico, reasons for the limitation of entrepreneurialactivity and responses as to why the lack of vigoroussmall business growth exists in Puerto RicoFor the local government at any political period, employmentgeneration and business creation should override many other goals. As itis widely agreed, there is a positive correlation between economic growthand entrepreneurship (Acs and Audretsch 2003); also, empirical studiesindicate the significant contribution of business creation for employmentand for strengthening the economy. Startups are also the result of acombination of factors including family ambience, education, risk bearingand work experience, variables which studies point out as key to privatesector growth and business creation, in the free enterprise system.Firstly, work skills and work habits required for jobs in the free enterprisesystem are often different than the work habits and skills acquired with
experience in the jobs in the public and regulated sectors. Thus,experience related human capital from public sector is not easilytransferable to the free enterprise industry sector (Parent 2000, Neal,1995). In addition, most studies have found that entrepreneurs withrelated experience tend to outperform those without any.It is generally perceived that the current regulatory environmentdeters business entry, hampers job creation, and erodes competitivepressures in many ways. Moreover, occupational licensing requirementscreate artificial entry barriers, restricting the supply of services andraising prices to consumers. Furthermore, the permits process wherebythe government oversees construction and real estate developmentprojects, the commercial use of equipment and facilities, and the periodicrenewal of various business licenses suffers from several seriousproblems. These problems raise the cost of doing business, undercutthe drive for employment growth, and retard economic development (alook at the Competitiveness Index World Survey any year illustrates thisfact).On the other hand, private sector work experience directly exposesthe worker much more to the various dimensions of the entrepreneurialskill demands and commitment needs than jobs in the public regulatedsectors. Studies by Fairly and Robb (2003), show that self employmentand business ownership rates are much higher among children ofbusiness owners (Hamilton, 2003). Other studies have found that thepropensity to either become an entrepreneur or a potential successfulbusiness owner is routed in the early experiences in the free enterprisesector.The small business data of the United States shows that 50 percentof the business owners had a self employed family member before startinga business (Fairly and Robb 2003). The latest 2000 household censusshows that employment rates in P.R. range from 55 to 65 percent of theUnited States rates. This large employment short-fall cuts across all
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A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES I
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ABSTRACTThe Financial Accounting St
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Restricted stock grants provide man
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December 15, 2002, i.e. for compani
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Semerdzhian (2004) found that certa
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Sample selection for Empirical test
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y changing the selection method to
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TABLE 2Number of Equity Compensatio
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TABLE 4 (A) Changes to the Equity C
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awarding stock options to employees
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REFERENCESBarron, John M. and Glen
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Análisis Comprensivo de la Inciden
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pagar el impuesto anualmente, sólo
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Ingresos por bebidas alcohólicas 1
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primarias y secundarias de informac
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y una variable continua que denota
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-0.015334 0.154764 -0.099081-0.0049
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considera , continuando con y final
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existen factores con significación
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disminuye en 26.9% si el bien inmue
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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICASAaron, H
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7TH Quest Conference for Global Com
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Las crisis económicas se presentan
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ancos aportaban al sistema (Marcus
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Objetivos de InvestigaciónEl riesg
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MetodologíaPara llevar a cabo las
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Análisis de DatosLa variable depen
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determinar si el riesgo del banco e
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Tabla 5. Medidas estadísticas de r
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La reducción gradual de la proporc
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ResultadosDespués de aplicar las r
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Modelo 1: MCO, usando las observaci
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y VEVI son variables en donde los c
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ConclusionesLos ratios financieros
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Kane, E.J., 1995. “Three Paradigm
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• ABSTRACTReducing emissions of g
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Obtención por la empresadesde la m
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señala que es necesario revisar y
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La secuencia de una inversión en D
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de información públicaElaboració
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EntidadOperacionalDesignadaAnálisi
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d) La necesidad o no de acudir a un
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Una vez calculadas las unidades de
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c) Agilizan la coordinación y comu
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El estudio de la viabilidad legal d
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y análisis de sensibilidad elabora
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casos, los análisis convencionales
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VII. CONCLUSIONESLos proyectos de d
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Coase, R. H. (1960): The Problem of
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IMPACT OF US HACCP REGULATION ON EX
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TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT .........
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1. INTRODUCTIONThere has been a not
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The potential positive impact remai
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where because of their content and
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Figure 1 Effect of Standards on wil
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Where; F ij is the attractive force
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That is, I is a cumulative comparis
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of food businesses and transportati
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2.3 Microbiological CriteriaUS stan
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magnitude and direction of the impa
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Fish Consumption2001). There may al
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have had a negative impact on expor
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Hufbauer, G, Kotschwar, B, & Wilson
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8. APPENDICESAppendix 1- US and EU
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Muscle meat of swordfish 0.1Crustac
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Benchmarking for International Comp
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IntroductionThere is little doubt t
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and, the strategy, structure and ri
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Source: Cho, D-A & Moon, H-C (2006)
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For competitiveness analysis, the I
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anking were drawn exclusively from
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Land area measured in 000’ hectar
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the GDP, increase the export of loc
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Local supplier quantity- Survey Dat
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counterparts. The quality of manage
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Productivity -Manufacturing: % of G
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HDI- ScoreSource: UNDP Human Develo
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Jamaica, unfortunately have had a l
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productivity. The implication for s
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Factores que Influyen en el Consumi
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IntroducciónEn los últimos veinte
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Aunque el impacto positivo de las i
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En la literatura actual relacionada
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ofrece un vivo ejemplo de arraigo a
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Sin embargo, ni en la clasificació
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Análisis de DatosLos resultados de
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En relación a los patrones de cons
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justa a los artistas. Además, poco
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Así, se refuerza que la edad es un
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precio razonable para un disco comp
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ConclusionesLos objetivos de este a
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Matos, N. 2007. La conducta de comp
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRSOBRE LOS AUTORESFÉ
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRINTRODUCCIONImportan
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ESTUDIO CUBA PREl 72.3% de la pobla
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ESTUDIO CUBA PREl puerto más impor
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRTabla 3. Principales
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRplantas generadores
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLa continua desvalor
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ESTUDIO CUBA PROPORTUNIDADES SECTOR
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR5. Banco Financiero
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR2. Banca hipotecaria
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLas aplicaciones de
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRtres pisos necesitan
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRIndustria de Aliment
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRcongeladaCamarón en
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRDextrana ND 450,000
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLa industria se cara
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRLa industria de conf
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRcubanos dominan otro
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR5. Colaboración en
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRreportando 2.3 millo
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR3. Posee 4,347 milla
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRprohibido para ellos
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRTabla 13. Región Or
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ESTUDIO CUBA PREl Oriente cubano pu
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ESTUDIO CUBA PR5. En concreto y bas
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ESTUDIO CUBA PRMinisterio de la Ind
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2PERFIL DEL EGRESADO DE LOS PROGRAM
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4competencias que fundamenten los c
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6Este proyecto, meritorio en muchas
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8profesional sino, más generalment
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10METODOLOGIAInstrumentoEste estudi
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12Factor PrincipalPoco más de la t
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14Este factor resalta la orientaci
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16Las premisas secundarias reflejan
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18problemas concretos y en menor me
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20del total de premisas presentadas
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22Pareceria que de alguna manera vi
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24Conocimiento Concreto, Integridad
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26DISCUSION DE RESULTADOSLos result
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28mención aparte. Las premisas rel
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30de lo que otros estudios habían
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Porter, L. W. & McKibbin, L. E., (1
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AbstractIn any enterprise, it is de
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efore his people could do their bes
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George called Frank into his office
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well liked and respected throughout
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George was devastated, as anyone wo
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since the time she herself had firs
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they would be ready to accept the n
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The others, unfortunately, were not
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adjusting the machine, which skewed
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The workers were handpicked and hig
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To make this run chart into a contr
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In this case, there is a data point
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It should be obvious by now that se
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In real life systems, do we sometim
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The governance of our businesses, s
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Competitive priorities of high and
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Deshmukh, 2001, pp. 884) that manuf
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within the production process helps
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Figure 2: Descriptive statistics of
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Table 2: Division of the sample acc
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Figure 4: Rise and fall in producti
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same is true for middle performers
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Figure 9: The difference in usage o
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performance measures, then one shou
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Flynn, B.B., Flynn, E.J. (2004),
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El Efecto del País de Origen en la
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IntroducciónEl desarrollo de estra
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estructuras que son desarrollados p
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H1: El efecto del país de origen e
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un vinculo patriótico hacia una na
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no patrióticos, los productos extr
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actitudes hacia la guerra. Mientras
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por Internet. La muestra final fue
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los menos etnocentristas, patriotas
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para Puerto Rico (.573), España (.
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(2003) quienes señalan que el impa
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de Mooij, M. (2004) Consumer Behavi
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Marin, C.E. & Miquel, S. (1997). Ev
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Tabla 1Promedio en los niveles de E
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Tabla 4Análisis de Correlación de
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Education as strategy for global co
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IntroductionStudies conducted over
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entrepreneurship as any attempt to
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expectation entrepreneurial activit
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ased on their personal experiences
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collection, a decision was made to
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those relevant concepts and to be m
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Table 1: Examples of Opportunities
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and entrepreneurial issues as a key
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the entrepreneurial functions tend
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ReferencesAcs, Z. B. (2009). The Kn
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Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Cons
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UNIVERSIDAD DE PUERTO RICORECINTO D
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1. INTRODUCCIÓNLa estandarización
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imponen a las dos partes obligacion
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Para ilustrar las razones de sus du
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A la vista de esta situación y tra
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egistros que genera son comparables
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Por ejemplo, los aseguradores de ri
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La evaluación del impacto ambienta
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A la vista de los datos anteriores,
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Por otra parte del total de proyect
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características de la flora y la f
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Así por ejemplo, según se refleja
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proyectos suponen una disminución
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Direción General de Protección Ci
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Unión Europea 2000 a, Data for sho
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La Competitividad Internacional de
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vertiginosamente. De ahí la pertin
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más económicos va a ser convenien
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Del 1987 al 2002 los datos de expor
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Fuente: Porter, Michael E. (1990) L
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1987 - 2005Fuente: Cómputos de la
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productividad, lo cual requeriría
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Tabla 2: Industrias Competitivas en
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VIII.AnálisisPuerto Rico ha tenido
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En el 1987 existían diversos incen
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Puerto Rico, además, cuenta con ec
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En sectores industriales relacionad
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de esta industria ha sido su perita
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Un socio importante de las industri
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IX.ConclusionesPuerto Rico cada dí
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Consejo de Educación Superior. (ma
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Vega-Rosado, L. L. (2005). “La Co
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Are Domestic and International Food
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usiness f ormat f ranch is in g 3 ,
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T he l iterature review i n cluded
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H 2B: O lder f ranch iso r s ’ (
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f inancial perf ormance repre senta
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d is cussin g choice of Law/Venue.
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poorly in any of our 14 points pre
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s cheme had a total of 1 4 quest io
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V a r i a b l eO p t i o n sN a t i
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O ve ra ll, we a re of the opin ion
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H y p o t h e s i s C h i - S q u a
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ConclusionsA cco rd in g to the r e
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F edera l T ra de C ommission. 2009
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Cultural Impact on Management Style
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Page 496 and 497: Cultural Impact on Management Style
Page 498 and 499: IntroductionCaribbean governments a
Page 500 and 501: other Caribbean authors, commentato
Page 502 and 503: while at the same time, enabling th
Page 504 and 505: invited to reject the EPAs and cont
Page 506 and 507: CEO of Barbados Private Sector Trad
Page 508 and 509: Fourth, after obtaining the respons
Page 510 and 511: process. In that connection, CARICO
Page 512 and 513: of CARICOM, except Guyana, opted to
Page 514 and 515: [7] Caribbean Regional Negotiating
Page 516 and 517: IntroducciónLos negocios internaci
Page 518 and 519: categorías específicas de ropa y
Page 520 and 521: miles de millones, sobrepasando las
Page 522 and 523: Comportamiento de las Exportaciones
Page 524 and 525: En esta misma tabla se puede notar
Page 526 and 527: Los países de Centroamérica: Hond
Page 528 and 529: mexicana de capitalizar éxitos e i
Page 530 and 531: Las cantidades de países más impo
Page 532 and 533: Los subcapítulos del cuadro anteri
Page 534 and 535: Por estas cifras y su alta particip
Page 536 and 537: de entre los 20 países exportadore
Page 538 and 539: Blázquez-Lidoy, Jorge, Javier Rodr
Page 540 and 541: United States International Trade C
Page 542 and 543: Tabla # 4:RELACIÓN DEL 70% DE SUB
Page 544 and 545: Keywords: stimulus, incentives, tra
Page 548 and 549: education groups and is deeper for
Page 550 and 551: Many factors have contributed to th
Page 552 and 553: Organizational ecology theory deals
Page 554 and 555: showed no effect overall. Overall,
Page 556 and 557: difficulties arose while gathering
Page 558 and 559: Related to the prerequisite of taki
Page 560 and 561: attempt is done to measure in real
Page 562 and 563: ConclusionSection 5. Conclusion and
Page 564 and 565: Workforce Investment Act (WIA), als
Page 566 and 567: Birch, D. (1981) “Who Creates Job
Page 568 and 569: Sharma Ravi Teja, (2010), Happy New
Page 570 and 571: i) Own _____________ii) Provided un
Page 572 and 573: EL NEGOCIO DE INTERCAMBIO (BARTER)E
Page 574 and 575: Quest conference, UPR 3N uestra, a
Page 576 and 577: Quest conference, UPR 5pája ro s r
Page 578 and 579: Quest conference, UPR 7D esd e u n
Page 580 and 581: Quest conference, UPR 9de un m i ll
Page 582 and 583: Quest conference, UPR 11T abla 2: p
Page 584 and 585: Quest conference, UPR 13C on la com
Page 586 and 587: Quest conference, UPR 15ve z sea m
Page 588 and 589: Quest conference, UPR 17R e fere nc
Page 590 and 591: La Espiritualidad En El Lugar De Tr
Page 592 and 593: (Mitroff, 2003). Las personas no s
Page 594 and 595: individual será orientado hacia un
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las razones adecuadas, aunque esto
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piensa cooperativamente y/o altruis
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información sobre el tipo de organ
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ResultadosA continuación se presen
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Tabla 3 Definición de Espiritualid
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La religión es una expresión de l
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espeto, confidencialidad, compañer
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comunión espiritual con Dios, Papa
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mañanas oramos juntos. Una media h
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Cuando se les preguntó si conocía
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Las opiniones en cuanto a la tolera
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De acuerdo a Mitroff y Denton (1999
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BibliografíaAnonymous. 2001. “HR
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Ortiz González, L. Mayo 2002. “L
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2EL RAZONAMIENTO BIOETICO Y LA ORIE
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4acumulada al momento es contradict
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6de sus artículos. Desde entonces,
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8Todos los principios generales tie
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10grupos de interés de que las emp
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12obligaciones hacia diversos grupo
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14preguntas III a la VI se determin
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16indicativo de que los participant
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18El cuarto factor está compuesto
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20dimensiones económicas, aunque i
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22desacuerdo sugiriendo que los par
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24Tabla 8 - Correlaciones y Coefici
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26Las características más importa
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28le otorgan más importancia a la
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30Tabla 11 - Diferencias debido al
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32prioritariamente al cumplimiento
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34responsables por su sensibilidad
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O'Neill, H. M., C. B. Saunders and
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AbstractCorporate Social Responsibi
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Most of the literature mentions som
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profits. It has become an open syst
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Regarding private sector, independe
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Mexico where evidence was found of
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BrazilThe Latin American giant occu
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Motivations for CSR in BrazilThe Et
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are maintained in Latin America, wh
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among key stakeholders. Firms in se
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ReferencesAaronson, Susan A. & Reev
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Destrezas de Importancia en el Mane
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Porter (1985) describe a la ventaja
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puede concluir, que el sector de la
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H 3oH 4oNo existen diferencias en l
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4- Estilo de comunicación.5- Estab
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Destrezas técnicasDeterminar los o
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Destrezas organizacionales 3.94Esta
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Comparación de destrezasDestrezaMe
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3, se presenta una comparación ent
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Mediana de destrezasDestreza0-4 añ
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Estilo de comunicaciónEstablecimie
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Mediana de destrezasSinDestrezaCon
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Gerencia estratégicaLiderazgo del
Page 706 and 707:
su empresa. Sin embargo, en el caso
Page 708 and 709:
Lastrina, C. (2004). Strategic proj
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2AbstractThe objective of this pape
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42008). All three dimensions - envi
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6Sustainability reporting under pri
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8which social responsibility improv
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10Empirical Data Sources and Data S
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12Besides AGP, there are 15 additio
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14total debt to equity (TDE) - or l
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16The evidence generally suggests t
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18McPeak, C & Tooley, N 2008, „Do
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20Table 2Effect of Adherence to Glo
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Page 734 and 735:
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28Appendix BFigure 1. Residuals for
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Information Content of Pension Plan
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A severely underfunded pension plan
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The studies mentioned above find co
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proxies seem to have helped explain
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contributions, less benefits paid.
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eturns on different factors, includ
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19801982198419861988199019921994199
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the first portfolio have on average
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Table 3Descriptive StatisticsLong-T
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Table 4Time-Series Regressions Resu
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Table 6Time-Series Regressions Resu
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Table 8Three Factor ModelLong-Term
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most levered firms in portfolio for
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Table 11LTDR Portfolios Characteris
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The results suggest that investors
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Leland , H. E., and Pyle, D. H., (1
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AN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PARADOX:THE
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INTRODUCTIONThis paper analyzes how
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of local agents and explore their r
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networks of agents interacting in s
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Knowledge ecology, and its related
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entities, academic institutions, ve
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Data AnalysisWe collected and analy
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2. Social networks in the biotechno
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Northeast Ohio region.A top officia
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FIGURE 2:Finding 1.3: Networks amon
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FIGURE 3:Finding 2: Social Networks
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FIGURE 4:Finding 2.1: Financial Sup
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Finding 3.2 - Embedded knowledge pr
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development strategy of attracting
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examples of complex exchanges and c
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FIGURE 7:Revised Conceptual ModelRe
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compromised by the effects of time
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Braunerhjelm, P., & Feldman, M. 200
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Huggins, R. 2008. Regional Competit
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Schumpeter, J. 1939. Business cycle
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ABSTRACTThis paper employs gravity
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LIST OF APPENDICESAppendix 1- Resul
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Other factors influencing the incre
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level of protection afforded by the
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In addition to compliance costs, fi
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4. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHThe gravi
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Ln Dist it/jt is the Natural log of
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5. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS5.1 Summary of
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For the US model, the elasticity of
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Fish ConsumptionFish ConsumptionFis
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econometric studies and may be link
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elasticity of demand for F&V is gre
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Bank 2005). However, they face a ga
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April 23, 2007http://muse.jhu.edu/j
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http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsie/Annual
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Appendix 2- Results of Estimation F
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2. CODEX General Standard for Food
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Table of ContentsAbstract .........
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IntroductionWe can ask ourselves: W
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Marketing thought has gone through
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companies to re-examine their marke
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Cultural EnvironmentCulture Defined
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Context is the background against w
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Even the though puertorrican art is
Page 858 and 859:
In 2003 The National Arts Marketing
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ConclusionThe marketing orientation
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ReferencesAlexander, R. S. 1962. Ma
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IMPACTO DE FACEBOOK Y OTRAS REDES D
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Impacto de Facebook y otras redes d
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II. ¿Qué son Sitios de Redes de C
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preguntamos, ¿puede un patrono leg
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(Enmienda a la Ley 100)ser victima
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contactos con el estado: otorgamien
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“If a social networking site is u
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abogados de ambos bandos posicionan
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humanos. 29 Estando involucrada una
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empleado en el portal cibernético,
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