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Abstract - Quest for Global Competitiveness - Universidad de Puerto ...

Abstract - Quest for Global Competitiveness - Universidad de Puerto ...

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TABLE 2:Thematic Co<strong>de</strong>sThematic Co<strong>de</strong>sConstructs/CategoriesEnvironmental FactorsIndustry ecosystemCritical massDynamism / InteractionNetworking capabilitiesIn<strong>for</strong>mation flow/exchangeTrust between cluster agentsIn<strong>for</strong>mal contacts/communicationCoding ThemesIndividual refers to the state of cooperation/symbiosis of a group of in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt but interrelate<strong>de</strong>lements comprising a unified whole.Individuals refers to a point of change: a point or situation at which change occurs.Individual refers to interacting with others to build relationships <strong>for</strong> current and future benefits.Individuals refers to bidirectional in<strong>for</strong>mation transmission/in<strong>for</strong>mation transferIndividuals refers to the level of reliance among local cluster agents.Mentions the disseminate i<strong>de</strong>as, products, processes or services through non-<strong>for</strong>mal channels.Knowledge networkKnowledge creationKnowledge transferKnowledge retention/anchoringInnovationInnovation systemOrganizational cultureRisk propensityPer<strong>for</strong>manceCluster competitiveness/successIndividual refers to the process and activities involved in the conception of new i<strong>de</strong>as.Refers to the process and activities involved in the transfer and implementation of new i<strong>de</strong>asRefers to the process involved in the embed<strong>de</strong>dment of new i<strong>de</strong>as in a geographical area.Refers to networks of agents interacting in specific areas un<strong>de</strong>r particular infrastructures andinvolved in the generation, diffusion, and utilization of technology.Mentions shared norms and values at an organization, cluster and/or geographical level.Refers to the inclination to un<strong>de</strong>rtake <strong>de</strong>cisions involving risk from a business/organizationalstandpoint .Refers to the state of cooperation/symbiosis of a group of in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt but interrelated.Individuals refers to a point of change: a point or situation at which change occurs.FINDINGSOur data revealed a complex set of linkages and synergies between local bioscienceindustrial cluster agents that impact the knowledge creation, transfer, and retention process inbioscience clusters. The data obtained through the contrast between the Northeastern Ohiobiomedical cluster, a <strong>de</strong>veloped cluster, and the <strong>Puerto</strong> Rico bioscience cluster, an emergentcluster, yiel<strong>de</strong>d three major findings that have constrained the <strong>de</strong>velopment of the emergentbiotechnology cluster:1. Multinational biotechnology manufacturing companies (MNCs) have thwarted the<strong>de</strong>velopment of entrepreneurial bioscience activity and hampered the<strong>de</strong>velopment of the bioscience cluster in <strong>Puerto</strong> Rico.15

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