Bereken de snijpunten met de x-as:Snijpunt 1 : a = ………………Snijpunt 2 : b = ………………Bereken de coördinaat van de top:x top = ………………y top = ………………Plot de evenwijdige met de x-as.Stel de integraal op en bereken ze:b∫a( − )y y x= ………………2 1d1.5. Toepassing 4Opgave:Bepaal de oppervlakte van het gebied ingesloten door de krommen met vergelijking4 2y = x − 5x+ 4 en de rechte door P(-2,0) en Q(3,40).Oplossing:Je kan de ti-84 de vergelijking van een rechte door twee punten laten bepalen aan dehand van lineaire regressie (stat – calc – 4:LinReg(ax+b))Plot de grafiek van de functie.Bereken de snijpunten met de rechte:Snijpunt 1 : ……………… Snijpunt 2 : ………………Stel de integraal op en bereken ze:b∫a( − )y y x= ………………1 2dProbleem oplossend integreren met de TI-84 Plus46Philip Bogaert
The first SEM work suggested that calcite spherules,bladed gypsum, and layered bornite mineralization occurredas shown in Figures 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a,14b, and 14c with companion energy dispersive x-rayspectroscopy scans for remineralized products from testColumns #2 and #5. Column #5 was biotreatment of oxidizedore collected from an unrinsed, unsaturated zonein the HLP between 0 to 25 foot depths. Column #2,spent oxide ore, was collected from an unrinsed, unsaturatedzone of the HLP collected between 25 and 90foot depths.The stabilization of microorganisms in soils has beenlinked to local microenvironmental factors such as clayspeciation and the availability of appropriate colloidalsurfaces (11,12,13). Microorganisms in macroscale systemsestablish population profiles in the near-surfaceenvironment dependent on mineralogical/organic variationsand the availability of oxygen in the ,environment.In the case of the column treatment tests, the microenvironmentwas forced by the addition of bacteria and dissolvednutrients.The microorganisms injected during the column experimentsmay be indifferent to such environmental controls,given the relatively short life of the experiments, and onemight expect that microbial populations are uniformlydistributed in the test column. In these column tests,however, SEM investigation revealed that the metallicappearingcoatings on run products are not uniform incomposition. Rather, they vary in a complex fashion frompoint to point within a test column and also from onecolumn to the next. This variability may indicate that themicroorganisms are in fact not identically distributed incolumns or react differently at different times and placesover the course of an experiment. Thus, surface films ofremineralized product may provide important informationconcerning the interplay between biological populationsand the ambient fluids in bioremediation tests.To illustrate the variability of the surface film formation ofbiominerals, observations of material in test Column #5and test Column #2 are compared. In both test columnsthe metal-bearing biomineral sheets coat an aggregateof kaolinite + halloysite + jarosite + alunite. A preliminaryTEM study indicates that the individual substrate mineralsare compositionally similar and exist in about thesame proportions in both test columns. The sheets examinedto date tend not to develop on quartz particlesas frequently as clay aggregates.BiomineralizationColumn #5Test Observations-The generally three-part metal-enriched sheets ofbiominerals tend to be amorphous at the base (TEM workin progress) and grade upward into breccia-like admix-tures of both variably crystallized and fully crystallizedminerals ending in outermost layers that are predominantlymonomineralic and thin. Outer layers tend to beeither Cu, Cu-Fe, or Fe-enriched over lower horizonsand are markedly thinner, down to 20Angstroms for copper.The middle layer(s) is punctuated by seemingly chaoticpopulations of crystals (primarily sulfides and metals),with metal fragments easily recognized by their highreflectivity in backscatter images. The Cu-Fe-S sequenceof the upper layers tends to be stratified upward in a sortof reverse “supergene enrichment” series, reflecting anapparent evolution of increasingly neutral pH and reducingconditions as the tests proceed. The progressionappears to be made more cryptic by the entrapment ofboth falling and tumbling particles, in addition to thoseproduced by in situ nucleation and growth.While many embedded crystals of the middle layer(s)follow the inverted supergene sequence (typically precursorsto possible chalcopyrite overlain by morecovellitic phases), exceptions are numerous. A flake oftin is shown in Figure 15a. The SEM image (right sectionof Figure 15a) shows that the tin flake is embeddedwith the copper sulfide materials and is not an artifact.The backscatter image (right portion Figure 15a) caststhe tin flake as a bright object against a background ofcopper sulfides, demonstrating that the tin (see Figure15b) has a,greater atomic number than the average forthe copper sulfide substrate. This suggests tin over cassiterite(SnO). An energy dispersive spectrum (EDS)trace (Figure 16a) also is given for a middle-layer Fe-Cuparticle located in the vicinity of the tin particle.Whereas the stratigraphic relationship between heightand copper and sulfur speciation is still unclear, copperand copper sulfide apparently are the probable dominantfinal crystallization products in microcavities. Theintricate patterns formed by copper ribbons (Figure 16b)and copper sulfide ribbons (not illustrated) indicate relativelyhigh structural integrity and high atomic number.Note that much of the background film,of Figure 16b isalso copper and that the background Cu-films are exceptionallythin, comprising a layer of less than approximately20 Angstroms. Given that the underlying materialis Cu-Fe-S-Si-Al-bearing and the final stage ismonomineralic and strongly reduced, evidence is abundantfor precipitation mechanisms that either shift withambient experimental factors over time or are themselvesvariable, causing different metal populations to precipitateat different times.The geochemical observations are consistent with severalmodels for fluid-crystal evolution:lOxidation-state variability. A constant process (supersaturationresponse) whereby fluids in the microenvironmentbecome more reducive over time.44
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