rapport 2012:3 - Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt

1.5 Health problems attributed to electromagnetic fields (electromagnetic
hypersensitivity) (Chapter 6)
Health problems attributed to electromagnetic fields, often referred to as electromagnetic
hypersensitivity, denotes a condition where individuals believe that their health problems are
caused by electromagnetic fields. A large number of scientific studies provide evidence that
electromagnetic fields do not cause the symptoms (see 1.3.2.8). However, their health problems
as such are genuine and must be taken seriously. There are large differences between individuals
with health problems attributed to electromagnetic fields, such as the symptoms they
experience, their severity, and which forms of electromagnetic fields trigger them. The proportion
of the population with such health problems is unknown. Figures from other countries are
uncertain and vary significantly, from 1.5 per cent up to 10 per cent of the population.
There are several possible circumstances that may contribute to health problems attributed to
electromagnetic fields. There is probably no single explanatory model that will apply to all of
these problems. The primary cause of symptoms may be other influences: physical, psychological
and social; and different circumstances can play a role. Cultural conditions, stress reactions,
adaptation and other psychological mechanisms can explain why electromagnetic fields
in particular are perceived to be the cause of health problems, even if there is no physical link.
An overall assessment of health and of possible adverse physical, psychological and social
burdens, as well as the patient’s own motivation, is needed as a basis for medical treatment and
other interventions. The goal of treatment and intervention is to reduce symptoms and their
negative impact on life. It is important to develop a relationship of trust between doctor and
patient, and that the patient’s own experience of problems is taken seriously while scientific
information is provided in a supportive way. In some cases, it has emerged that a diagnosable
disease is causing the symptoms. It is therefore important that the first consultation with the
doctor should always result in an adequate medical examination of patients reporting such
problems. Scientific knowledge gives no basis to recommend measures to reduce or avoid
exposure to electromagnetic fields.
Patients with health problems attributed to electromagnetic fields can be characterised as a
sub-group of patients with health problems attributed to environmental factors (e.g., multiple
chemical hypersensitivity and hypersensitivity to their own amalgam fillings). A common
feature for the group of patients who attribute their health problems to electromagnetic fields,
and patients who attribute their health problems to other environmental factors is that they
often have a strong belief in a causal relationship, but scientific studies are unable to demonstrate
or to confirm this.
1.6 Risk management and risk perception (chapters 7 and 8)
The result of the risk assessment, i.e., the degree of risk of adverse health effects and severity of
health problems, is essential for the authorities’ risk management. Risk management may cover
legal regulation, including the establishment of threshold limit values, information, and other
measures. In addition, any uncertainties in risk assessment will have significance, among other
things, in selecting a precautionary strategy.
Summary
Rapport 2012:3 • Folkehelseinstituttet 39