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190 Structure and the Book ofZechariah
and oaks) symbolizing majesty and pride (as in e.g. Cant. 5.15;
Isa. 10.33-34 and especially 2.12-13) are brought down and the
writer calls on them to wail (v. 2).
In v. 3 the picture changes while the terminology remains largely
the same: this time the D'm wail because their glory (miK not T-JK,
but the similarity is sufficient to establish a connection) is spoiled. The
last strophe (3b) is closely parallel to v. 3a:
D'inn nVr Vip // CTTSD ruwzf by
nrmR rmtf o // p-vn JIM TTBJ '3
Even lions are in trouble when their home is destroyed. There may be
an intentional play on words: TT; |TT (vv. 2b, 3b).*
Conclusions
It appears that Zech. 10.1-11.3 has its own integrity, and that it has
been worked over by at least one redactor who attached it to 9.1-8, 9-
10. He seems to have had some awareness of structure, but the result
is not so obvious (nor, to my mind, satisfying) as we found in
Zechariah 1-8. We need to investigate any connections that exist
between the separate sections of Zech. 9.1—11.3. In Chapter 4 we
shall consider the relation of the whole to the rest of Zechariah.
Post-Script: Otzen on the Structure ofZechariah 9-JO
Otzen believes that Zechariah 9-14 is composed of four tradition
complexes: chs. 9-10, 11, 12-13 and 14. This, he has argued for, at
great length, in the second section of his book. 2 The literary structure
he proposes for chs. 9-10 is as follows:
1. It is odd to find the Jordan referred to here. Perhaps it is to be understood
figuratively: 'Die Libanonzedern sind die besten und die Basanseichen die starksten,
genau wie in v. 3 das Jordandickicht den dichtesten Dschungel meint' (Rudolph,
Haggai, p. 200).
2. 'Der Historische Hintergrund Deuterosacharjas', in Studien, pp. 35-212. He
believes that chs. 9-10 derive from the time of Josiah, but our concern is with the
structure he puts forward.