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3. The Structure of Individual Sections of Zechariah 83
Zechariah's contemporaries. Otherwise it occurs only in Zech. 3.7 ('If
you will walk in my ways...') and 9.13 ('I have bent Judah as my
bow'). The latter seem to have no relevance to ch. 1.
25. in (adj) is used of both 'ways' and 'doings' in v. 4; in v. 15
riin occurs in the difficult phrase 'and/but they helped for evil'. 1 The
meaning seems to be that the nations helped Yahweh to express his
anger in action but went beyond what he intended (a little) with evil
result. The connection between these occurrences, if any is intended,
can only be that the evil in both cases was the ground for God's wrath.
26. See 24 above. The difference between the kethib and qere in
v. 4 does not affect the meaning. The word occurs nowhere else in
Zechariah.
29. nfci) is, of course, a common word, but it occurs infrequently in
Zechariah (1.6, 6; 2.4; 6.11; 7.3, 9; 8.16; 10.1). No plausible connection
between these can be suggested.
30. This should be ignored: p and pb are different and too far
apart to be connected.
32. nm only occurs in vv. 8-9 in ch. 1, but twenty times elsewhere
in Zechariah. The first occurrence describes what the prophet saw (qal
form); in the second the angel says 'I will cause you to see' what these
things signify. The 'seeing' is thus of two types, and the use of the
verb twice makes this clear.
33. ran, vv. 8, 11; also 2.1, 5, 7, 13, 14; 3.8, 9; 4.2; 5.1, 7, 9; 6.1,
12; 8.7; 9.4, 9; 11.6, 16; 12.2; 14.1. This is used in drawing attention
to most of the major items in the visions of Zechariah 1-6, with »an in
2.14 and 3.8 to introduce what Yahweh is about to do (both with R13,
qal and hiphil participles). It is not used everywhere, or uniformly,
but there are other indications that run is not used lightly or carelessly.
'33n is used at the centre of Zechariah 7-8 (8.7), and again in close
proximity to K12 (hiphil; 8.8); the verb ptf is also found in 2.14 and
8.8. The last of these is obviously a key point in Zechariah.
1. Rudolph: '. .. Volker, die, als ich kurze Zeit ziirnte, des Bosen "zuviel
taten"'. He keeps the same verb, in opposition to Sellin and others, but understands
it in this sense by analogy with the arabic gzr (Haggai, pp. 72-73). One way or
another, RSV's 'they furthered the disaster' cannot be far wrong. Further see Rignell,
Die Nachtgesichte, pp. 49-50.